The legal team and public affairs office would like to speak with you regarding

Question

The legal team and public affairs office would like to speak with you regarding a plan to address known medical errors after they happen. Your CEO believes that if you influence a harm, you should accept responsibility and do what you can to make things whole. You know that several elements are needed to work through this process.

1. Discuss "Ethical Codes" or an inclusion in your corporate "Code of Conduct" that supports Full Disclosure.

2. Decide on "Guiding Principles" for your organization.

3. Discuss a "system" that would support your values within your organization for communications related to disclosure and apology.

4. Illustrate how you would develop an Early-Offer program.

5. Discuss rational considerations for developing a disaster management program (policy, training, altered standards of care).

Explanation / Answer

To describe Ethical Codes and code of conduct that supports full disclosure:

Per the code of conduct and making an ethical decision, one needs to follow the three-step mental process in these situations. By witnessing another student cheating in an assignment, this is certainly an unethical process that is motivated by that one individual's self-serving interest. This certainly respects the rights of the individual who affected as this is a disturbance. Finally, escalating such unethical behavior is a fair and equitable decision to be made. By following the Ethical decision-making process, I find it right to escalate such behavior of a student to the professor or squads who are responsible to take action against those acts or behaviors.

Potential consequences of engaging in an unethical behavior:

Following are the potential consequences of engaging in such unethical behavior… Legal Issues for the overall business, Employee Morale and Performance Impact, Employee Relations, Organizations credibility, Future prevention of such unethical behavior, Customer disorientation, Brand Reputation, Harms Productivity and interruption to the overall supply chain etc.,

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics Policies & Guidelines:

Using Assets and Information Properly:

Promoting Respect, Safety, and Security in the Workplace:

Working with Customers and Other Third Parties

Recognizing and Avoiding Conflicts

Guiding Principles:

Reporting errors are fundamental to error prevention. The focus on medical errors that followed the release of the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) report To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System centered on the suggestion that preventable adverse events in the hospital were a leading cause of death in the United States. This report emphasized findings from the Harvard Medical Practice Study that found that more than 70 percent of errors resulting in adverse events were considered.

Near miss: Near miss errors are those types of errors that will not harm the patient. It is useful in identifying the harm that can cause the error.
Prevention of near miss error: These errors can be avoided by finding out the error in medication before it harms a patient.
Adverse event: This event is termed as any injury resulting from improper use of medical equipment. These injuries are caused by medical management to a patient. Institute of
medicine (IOM) reports have highlighted these types of errors.
Prevention of adverse event error: These types of errors can be avoided by using medical equipment properly that it will not harm the patient.
Accident: An accident is an event that involves hurt to a defined system that disrupts the ongoing output of that system. These accidents occur when multiple systems fail and tend to be
unplanned.
Prevention of accident error: These errors can be avoided by backup tools to ensure uncertain events caused by system failures.
Medication error: A medication error is an avoidable incident that occurs during the medication process. These errors could harm the patient's health.
Prevention of medication error: These kinds of errors can be avoided by reducing the entry of medication order list directly into a system rather than paper.

The "System" that support the values within your organization for communications related to disclosure and apology:

To understand this, let us consider the Healthcare Product/service design to avoid tort liability:

Creating a service design in healthcare to avoid tort liability, we must understand reasons, why medical associations emphasize importance on the need for the patient's to consent to any medical treatment they receive. The reexamination of the informed consent helps in diagnosis of significant challenges. The best method is parental guidance/consent and patients (minor’s) consent. The American Academy of Pediatrics confirms that predominantly health care professionals go through ethical obligations in order to get the parental consent to go through the medical procedures. Physicians should also seek for the patient consent as appropriate. Only with the exception of those who are boundless or emancipated or those who can be referred as matured minors who comes with necessary self-decision making power as permitted by the law.

The only scenarios where informed consent is not applicable to the patients include the following:

Many states in the US including North Carolina enables decision-making power without parental consent to minors who are mature minors and those who seek treatment for few medical obligations viz., sexually transmitted diseases, drug or alcohol abuse, pregnancy related. The scenarios where the minors are deemed to be fully or partially made boundless are referred by the constitutional norm and case laws which may differ from state to state. Legal unrestraint realizes a special status called independent living or the one who have serious public or individual health challenges that may not receive appropriate care (like STD etc.,)

This is applicable for minors who are teenagers where they have decision-making ability and legal authority to accept and reject interventions where no added consent to be obtained from parents. Though the law doesn’t exist, the academy for the Committee of Bioethics encourages parental involvement in such situations appropriately. In the pluralistic society where different religious, social, philosophical norms exist, on what is acceptable child rearing and welfare.

The law suggests parents with various different discretionary power in the development of their children. Nevertheless, from the child abuse perspective, it is evident that parents sometimes violate their obligations to their children.

Rational considerations for developing a disaster management program (policy, training, altered standards of care):

I would like to choose Organ Donation as the topic to describe Ethical Rules pertaining to contract formation including third parties.

Transplantable organs are limited in supply. However, the situation is people who need organs are more than those who are willing to donate. Given this scenario, how some of the health organizations comply with legal and ethical obligations pertaining to organ donation.

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