Final Do Not 1. When all syst nswers on the answer sheet ems are functioning tog

Question

Final Do Not 1. When all syst nswers on the answer sheet ems are functioning together and in good health, we call this A. good health B. homeostasis C. equilibrium D. impossible 2. A group of cells that are alike C. organ D. system and work together is called a/an A. tissue B. cell bundle 3. Our bodies have groups of organs working together to form A. organs C. systems D. an organism B. tissues 4. Digestion essentially consists of from amino acids C. sorting organic from inorganic molecules D. breaking large molecules into smaller molecules that your body can use A. burning food for energy B. building up proteins 5. Chemical digestion begins in the A. mouth C. gall bladder D. stomach B. throat Water and water soluble vitamins are absorbed in the. A. large intestine B. liver C. small intestine D. stomach 7. The region where most absorption of nutrients takes place is the A. large intestine B. liver C. villi in small intestine D. stomach 8. The region where protein digestion begins with the adding of hydrochloric acid is the A. large intestine B. pancreas C. small intestine D. stomach A. fats to fatty acids B. proteins to amino acids 9. Bile, produced in the liver, breaks down C. starch to simple sugars D. all are correct A. rectum 10. The muscle at the very end of the digestive track is the B. anus C. colon D. appendix 11. The region where most digestion occurs is in the A. mouth B. stomach C. esophagus D. small intestine E. large intestine A. enzymes B. bacteria Chemical digestion of the food we eat occurs because of C. digestive juices D. all are correct 12. B. less A. a variety of wholesome foods 13. The best way to obtain good nutrition is to eat D. all are correct high fat and high sugary foods C. some fortified foods when needed The nutrients that our body needs to promote good health include: A. carbohydrates B. proteins C. fats D. vitamins & minerals E. all are correct We breath in A. oxygen B. nitrogen C. air D. carbon dioxide E. hydrogen

Explanation / Answer

Answers:

1. Homeostasis (B) - It is the ability of a cell or the entire body to maintain a balanced environment internally as well as externally. Homeostasis includes a proper functioning of all the body systems.

2. Tissue (A) - It is made up of group of cells (similar) and they carryout a common function. Tissues may be of plant or animal origin.

     Ex: Nervous tissue, Muscular tissue, Vascular tissue (plants)

3. Systems (C) - Organs form organ systems and organ systems form organisms. The systems perform a peculiar and independent functions in the body.

Ex: Digestive system, Skeletal system, Respiratory system etc

4. Digestion (D) - Digestion means breakdown of larger, complex often insoluble molecules to smaller, simple and soluble molecules. Digestion is essentially a catabolic process.

5. Mouth (A) - Chemical digestion begins in mouth, where the food material is mixed with Saliva present in the mouth. The enzyme present in our mouth is Ptyalin (a form of salivary amylase). It enzymatically breaksdown complex carbohydrates (like starch) into simple sugars.

6. Small intestine (C) - Water and water soluble vitamins (like B and C) are absorbed in the small intestine. The three main parts present in the small intestine are Duodenum, Jejunum and Ileum. Duodenum and Jejunum portions of small intestine mostly absorbs water and water soluble vitamins.

7. Villi in small intestine (C) - Microvilli are the fine hair like structures that assist small intestine to absorb maximum nutrients. The continuous motion of villi increase the area of absorption of nutrients in small intestine.

8. Stomach (D) - Stomach contains gastric juice. The main components of gastric juice are HCl and Pepsinogen. Pepsinogen is a precursor of enzyme Pepsin. Hydrochloric acid donates protons to the pepsinogen. Upon receiving them it gets activated and converted from pepsinogen to pepsin which breaksdown the proteins into small peptides.

9. Fats to fatty acids (A) - The primary action of bile in the liver is to breakdown the complex fats and fat soluble vitamins (like A, D, E, K) into simple fatty acids by the process of 'Emulsification'. Emulsification is a detergent activity of bile on fats in the process of digestion.

10. Anual opening (B) - It is the last muscular opening in the digestive tract. It contains two sphincters or circular muscles called the 'Internal anal sphincter' and the 'External anal sphincter'. These two act coordinately to control the discharge of wastes.

11. Small intestine (D) - Majority of the digestion occurs in small intestine. Apart from its own food material to be digested, it also simultaneously receive fat emulsifying bile from liver, pancreatic juices and prior absorbed nutrients from microvilli for further digestion.

12. All are correct (D) - Chemical digestion of the food we eat is assisted by all the above mentioned.

Following are involved in the process of digestion;

Enzymes - Ptyalin, Pepsin, Trypsin, Lipase etc

Bacteria - E.coli

Digestive juices - Pancreatic juice, Gastric juice etc

13. A variety of wholesome foods (A) - Wholesome foods are the unprocessed and unrefined foods. These foods contain whole ingredients, with minimal processing, preservatives and additives. They compensate all the dietary and nutritional requirements necessary to the body.

Ex: Unpolished rice, fresh and raw vegetables, fruits (organically grown), millets, yoghurt, leafy vegetables and whole grains etc.

14. All are correct (E) - All are essential nutrients for healthy growth of the body.

Carbohydrates - They are the primary source of energy in our body. They maintain blood sugar levels.

Ex: Glucose

Proteins - All enzymes and hormones necessary for biological activity are made up of proteins.

Ex: Hemoglobin, Keratin, Globulin etc.

Fats - They provide energy and absorbs many vitamins.

Ex: oils, cholesterol

Vitamins and Minerals - They play variety of roles inorder to keep the body healthy.

Ex: 1. Vitamin A for eye health, Vitamin D for bone health

2. Sodium, Calcium, Potassium, Iron, Magnesium etc.

15. Air (C) - We breathe in air, which is a mixture of several gases. But, once air is in, only oxygen is taken into the blood stream with the aid of Hemoglobin.

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