BIOL3300K: Microbial Metabolism Review& Applications Problem 4: Compare and cont
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BIOL3300K: Microbial Metabolism Review& Applications Problem 4: Compare and contrast aerobic respiration in prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes. List at list six different comparisons and/or contrasts Problem 5: An organism obtains electrons from ammonia rather than from an organic compound in order to generate NADH. It uses the NADH to create PMF and thus, ATP. It uses the ATP created in order to fix carbon. What is the MOST complte term that you can use to describe this organism's trophic level. tetute t tful Problem 6: You're about to use an agar medium that was developed by a researcher who was very interested in enumerating the coliform bacteria in natural water samples. Coliforms are defined as as rod-shaped bacteria that stain pink in the Gram stain and are also able to ferment lactose to acidic end products. You have been provided with the recipe to this agar below, and also some of the test results on this medium with known bacterial strains Ingredient Information Proteose Peptone (from animal tissuedigests)-112.0 Glycocholate (CsHaNO) Lactose (CsaH20) Sodium Chloride (NaCi) Sodium Thiosulfate(Na5:) Ferric Citrate (CHsFeO) Amount of Ingredient Used 9.08 12.0 5.08 14.0 Bromothymol Blue (CaHsFeOy; at pH 2 yellow, 65.0 mg at pH 7 green, at pH 8 blue) Distilled H:O 1.0 Liter Strain Code Gram Stain Growth Color of Color Media A8122 pink purple coccus pink rod RTK14 FND06 DHY98 RW141 rple rod nk rod blue Should this medium be considered defined or complex? Choose one of these options and provide a short rationale that explains/supports this determination. a) Should this media be considered selective, differential, both selective and differential, or neither selective nor differential? Choose one of these options and provide a short rationale that explains/supports this determination. b) Which of the isolates, if any, meet the criterion as a coliform? Explain/support your answer as to how you know the strain(s) meet all components of the definition. If none of the strains meet this criterion, explain how you deduced this answer for each strain. c)Explanation / Answer
Ans.4-- Prokaryotes are much simpler in structure than the eukaryotes . But as all living beings, they too need to respire to obtain energy. The common mode of respiration in prokaryotes is anaerobic i.e in the presence of very little or no oxygen.
Eukaryotic cell are much complicated in structure with a number of well developed cell organelles. They respire aerobically as they need a lot of energy for all the activities. For aerobic respiration to take place in the eukaryotes a special cell organelle called mitochondrion is present. The prokaryotes do not have any specialised cell organelle yet they do undergo aerobic respiration. Due to the absence of mitochondria , there is some difference in the pathway of aerobic respiration in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Lets list them--
As we already know, during aerobic respiration, glucose is broken down completely in the presence of O2. During this process CO2 and H2O are the end products with the release of chemical energy stored in ATP.
* In eukaryotes, glucose is broken in two steps, - first, one molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acids [glycolysis] in cytoplasm.
second, the pyruvic acid enters the mitochondrion for further
reactions in the presence of oxygen to release CO2, H2O and
36 molecules of ATP
In prokaryotes, the entire process takes place in the cytoplasm
* The main difference, therfore, involves the electrons carried from glycolysis to the electron transport system.
* In eukaryotes, the electrons released during glycolysis are carried by NADH and transferred to FAD to form FADH2 in order to get the electrons across the outer membrane of the mitochondrion. In this process, eukaryotes lose electrons.
This transfer is not necessary in prokaryotes so the net production of ATP is more [ 38 molecules of ATP for each molecule of glucose that is metabolised]
Comparison of ATP production in Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes ----
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
* GLYCOLYSIS net gain of 2ATP net gain of 2ATP
* KREB'S CYCLE 2 ATP 2 ATP
* ETS 34 ATP 32 ATP
TOTAL 38 ATP 36 ATP
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