Little is known about the etiology (causes) of hepatoblastoma (uncommon liver ca

Question

Little is known about the etiology (causes) of hepatoblastoma (uncommon liver cancer in infants and children). We aimed to confirm the results of a previous study evaluating the association between parental occupational exposures and hepatoblastoma. In our study, we identified cases (n=383) from the Children's Oncology Group and controls from birth certificates (n=387), which were frequency matched to cases on year and region of birth, sex, and birth weight. Occupational exposure in the year before and during the index pregnancy was collected through maternal interview. The odds of both paternal and maternal "Likely" exposure to paints was elevated among cases compared with controls (paternal odds ratio (OR): 1.71; maternal OR: 3.29). The results of our study provide further evidence of an association between parental occupation and hepatoblastoma.

Is study 3 is a a) Cross-sectional study b) Ecologic study c) Case-control study ?

Explanation / Answer

A study that compares patients who have a disease (cases) with patients who do not have the disease or outcome (controls). Here we aimed to confirm the results of a previous study evaluating the association between parental occupational exposures and hepatoblastoma.Two groups of cases and controls were compared.

In case control studies cases and controls will be matched based on criteria like birth year, region of birth, age, weight(demographic characteristics) etc, also the maternal medical history in realtion to hepatoblastoma is known through interviews which is done here.
In cross sectional studies a number of individual will be observed for a particular time, here no time interval is given so it is not a cross sectional study.
The association between maternal age and hepatobalstoma could be found out through this study.
The possibility of differential reporting of complications on the birth certificate between cases and controls might exsist which could be found out from the study and compared.
Since Odds ratios were compared between paternal and maternal side, and odds ratio could only be calculated form case control frequencies so this study is a case-control study.

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