BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY ed in the Biology and Society section, some species (includ-
ID: 136304 • Letter: B
Question
BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY ed in the Biology and Society section, some species (includ- endangered species) have been shown to be capable of on via parthenogenesis, without participation of a mate. What ing some endan cations might this have on efforts to repopulate endangered spe- at drawbacks might a parthenogenesis program have on the ies? Wh well-being of the species it targets? l- 16. Every year, about a milion Americans are diagnosed with cancer. This means that about 75 million Americans now living will eventually have cancer, and one in five will die of the disease. There are many kinds of cancers and many causes of the disease. For example, smoking causes most lung cancers. Overexposure to ultraviolet rays in sunlight causes most skin cancers. There is evidence that a high-fat, low-fiber diet is a factor in breast, colon, and prostate cancers. And agents in the work- place, such as asbestos and vinyl chloride, are also implicated as causes of cancer. Hundreds of millions of dollars are spent each year in the search for effective treatments for cancer, yet far less money is spent on preventing cancer. Why might this be true? What kinds of lifestyle changes can you make to help reduce your risk of cancer? What kinds of prevention programs could be initiated or strengthened to encour- age these changes? What factors might impede such changes and pro- grams? Should we devote more of our resources to treating cancer or to preventing it? Defend your position. 17. The practice of buying and selling gametes, particularly eggs from fertile women, is becoming increasingly common in the United States and some other industrialized countries. Do you have any objections to this type of transaction? Would you be willing to sell your gametes? At any price? Whether you are vwi people should be restricted from doing so? lling to do so or not, do you think that otherExplanation / Answer
15. Parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction, which means there is no genetical variability. The genetically identical species have less scope for existence. To protect the endangered population, sexual reproduction provides you better offsprings. They will show endurance against the Odds. Whereas in parthenogenesis, species are genetically identical. They are susceptible to diseases. Asexual reproduction is not preferable to repopulate the endangered population.
16. It is true that, lots of money spent on treatment than prevention. Treatment for cancers involves periodic and prolonged chemotherapy. Obviously, it increases the cost of treatment.
Smoking should be forgiven, care should be taken, while exposing to UV Rays, high fibre low fat diet is preferable. However hereditary may also cause Cancer. Self checking the private body parts for early diagnosing the cancers like breast cancer, testicular cancer etc.
Awareness programmes should be organised at work places, colleges. Door to door campaigns with the help of volunteers to bring the awareness among especially women about breast cancers.
The money spent on prevention is always less than treatment, because cancer treatment is costly. Progressively, we should increase the allocation of funds for preventive programs.
17) Here comes the ethics, selling the gametes is against the nature. Everyone in this world has unique characteristics of their own. The same will be passed on to next generations. Here this pattern is changing in due course of time. It effects the uniqueness of the individual. It is against nature, we may genetical defects in newborn.
My suggestion is, we should oppose selling of gametes unless there is a purpose like the parents, who are not having children. We can donate gametes rather than selling.
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