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ual physical oof ion, 5%) From their atomic numbers and mass numbers, decide whether the following nuclei are Ekely to have zero, half-integral or integral spin: (a) 18o, (b) 10B, (c) 13c, (d) 1+N, (e) DF (10%, each 296) 5· The first generally available NMR spectrometer operated at a frequency of 60 MHz, today it is also mmon to use a spectrometer that operates at 600 MHz. (a) What are the relative population diferences of "e spin states in these two spectrometers at 25°C (4%)? What are the relative.values of the chemical c) frequencies (3% shifts observed for nuclei in these spectrometers in terms of b value 3% (10%)

Explanation / Answer

4. (a) 18O nucleus:

The mass no. (A) = 18, i.e. even no.

The atomic no. (Z) = 8, i.e. even no.

Rule: If both A and Z of a nucleus are even, then the nucleus is NMR-inactive.

Therefore, the 18O nucleus has zero spin.

(b) 10B nucleus:

The mass no. (A) = 10, i.e. even no.

The atomic no. (Z) = 5, i.e. odd no.

Rule: If a nucleus has even A value and odd Z value, then the nucleus is NMR active with integral spin.

Therefore, the 10B nucleus has integral spin.

(c) 13C nucleus:

The mass no. (A) = 13, i.e. odd no.

Rule: If a nucleus has odd A value, then irrespective of its Z value, the nucleus is NMR active with half-integral spin.

Therefore, the 13C nucleus has half-integral spin.

(d) 14N nucleus:

The mass no. (A) = 14, i.e. even no.

The atomic no. (Z) = 7, i.e. odd no.

Rule: If a nucleus has even A value and odd Z value, then the nucleus is NMR active with integral spin.

Therefore, the 14N nucleus has integral spin.

(e) 19F nucleus:

The mass no. (A) = 19, i.e. odd no.

Rule: If a nucleus has odd A value, then irrespective of its Z value, the nucleus is NMR active with half-integral spin.

Therefore, the 19F nucleus has half-integral spin.

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