Chemistry concepts and calculations

± Adding Equilibrium Reactions Learning Goal: To understand how to calculate the

± Adding Equilibrium Reactions Learning Goal: To understand how to calculate the equilibrium constants for chemical equations that can be produced by the addition of other chemica…

± Analysis of Electroplating The total charge of a mole of electrons is 96,485 c

± Analysis of Electroplating The total charge of a mole of electrons is 96,485 coulombs (C) and 1ampere(A)=1coulomb/second(C/s) Part A What mass of Cu(s) is electroplated by runni…

± Analysis of Electroplating The total charge of a mole of electrons is 96,485 c

± Analysis of Electroplating The total charge of a mole of electrons is 96,485 coulombs (C) and 1ampere(A)=1coulomb/second(C/s) Part A What mass of Cu(s) is electroplated by runni…

± Average and Instantaneous Reaction Rates An average reaction rate is calculate

± Average and Instantaneous Reaction Rates An average reaction rate is calculated as the change in the concentration of reactants or products over a period of time in the course o…

± Biochemical Applications of the Gas Laws The various gas laws can be used to d

± Biochemical Applications of the Gas Laws The various gas laws can be used to describe air, which is a mixture of gases. In some cases, these laws have direct application to the …

± Boiling Point Elevation and Freezing Point Depression for Organic Solutions Th

± Boiling Point Elevation and Freezing Point Depression for Organic Solutions The temperature at which a solution freezes and boils depends on the freezing and boiling points of t…

± Byproducts of Burning Fossil Fuels 18 of 24 Constants | Periodic Table When ca

± Byproducts of Burning Fossil Fuels 18 of 24 Constants | Periodic Table When carbon, C, burns in air, it reacts with oxygen, O2, to produce carbon dioxide,CO2: C(s)+O2(g)CO2(g) S…

± Calculating Equilibrium Constants For a gaseous reaction with the general form

± Calculating Equilibrium Constants For a gaseous reaction with the general form aA+bBcC+dD Kc=[C]c[D]d[A]a[B]b Kp=(PC)c(PD)d(PA)a(PB)b Part A CO(g)+Cl2(g)COCl2(g) Express your an…

± Cell Potential and Equilibrium 18 of 28 Constants | Periodic Table The equilib

± Cell Potential and Equilibrium 18 of 28 Constants | Periodic Table The equilibrium constant, K, for a redox reaction is related to the standard potential, E?, by the equation ln…

± Common-Ion Effect on Solubility for a Metal Hydroxide AB(s)A+(aq)+B(aq) The ge

± Common-Ion Effect on Solubility for a Metal Hydroxide AB(s)A+(aq)+B(aq) The generic metal hydroxide M(OH)2 has Ksp = 8.25×1018. (NOTE: In this particular problem, because of the…

± Common-Ion Effect on Solubility for a Metal Hydroxide AB(s)A+(aq)+B(aq) The ge

± Common-Ion Effect on Solubility for a Metal Hydroxide AB(s)A+(aq)+B(aq) The generic metal hydroxide M(OH)2 has Ksp = 8.25×1018. (NOTE: In this particular problem, because of the…

± Comparison of Fuels for Fusion, Fission, and Combustion: Natural gas (mainly C

± Comparison of Fuels for Fusion, Fission, and Combustion: Natural gas (mainly CH4) is used in many power plants to generate electrical power utilizing combustion reactions. Urani…

± Composition of Inorganic Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs in Blood pH of blood The tw

± Composition of Inorganic Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs in Blood pH of blood The two most important inorganic blood buffers (acid-base conjugate pairs) are the phosphoric acid and ca…

± Concentration Molarity (M) is defined as the number of moles of solute divided

± Concentration Molarity (M) is defined as the number of moles of solute divided by the solution volume expressed in liters molarity oumof solution (L) For example, 1 HCl contains…

± Conversion Factors in Medicine Conversion factors are ratios used to convert a

± Conversion Factors in Medicine Conversion factors are ratios used to convert a quantity expressed in certain units to an equivalent value expressed in different units. The numer…

± Convert between Units of Concentration Fortunately, there are several other wa

± Convert between Units of Concentration Fortunately, there are several other ways of expressing concentration that do not involve volume and are therefore temperature independent…

± Convert between Units of Concentration Fortunately, there are several other wa

± Convert between Units of Concentration Fortunately, there are several other ways of expressing concentration that do not involve volume and are therefore temperature independent…

± Core Chemistry Skill: Calculating Mass of Product from a Limiting Reactant Con

± Core Chemistry Skill: Calculating Mass of Product from a Limiting Reactant Consider a siluation in which 186 g of P4 are exposed to 208 g of O2 Part A Learning Goal: What is the…

± Core Chemistry Skill: Calculating Partial Pressure Resources « previous| 20 of

± Core Chemistry Skill: Calculating Partial Pressure Resources « previous| 20 of 23 | next Core Chemistry Skill: Calculating Partial ressure Part A A mixture of He, Ar, and Xe has…

± Core Chemistry skill: Using the Gas Law Relating Volume and Moles Part A Avoga

± Core Chemistry skill: Using the Gas Law Relating Volume and Moles Part A Avogadro's law states that the volume, V, of a gas is directly related to the number of moles, n, of the…

± Coulomb\'s Law and Lattice Energy Atoms involved in bonds are usually more sta

± Coulomb's Law and Lattice Energy Atoms involved in bonds are usually more stable than they would be otherwise. This means that energy is released in the formation of the bond. F…

± Coulomb\'s Law and Lattice Energy Atoms involved in bonds are usually more sta

± Coulomb's Law and Lattice Energy Atoms involved in bonds are usually more stable than they would be otherwise. This means that energy is released in the formation of the bond. F…

± Cyanide Poisoning For example, the iron(II) ion, Fe2+, can combine with the cy

± Cyanide Poisoning For example, the iron(II) ion, Fe2+, can combine with the cyanide ion, CN, to form the complex [Fe(CN)6]4 according to the equation Fe2+(aq)+6CN(aq)[Fe(CN)6]4(…

± Dalton\'s Law of Partial Pressure A 1.00 L flask is filled with 1.45 g of argo

± Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure A 1.00 L flask is filled with 1.45 g of argon at 25 C. A sample of ethane vapor is added to the same flask until the total pressure is 1.450 atm…

± Determining the pH of a Weak Base and the Percent Ionization of a Weak Acid Pa

± Determining the pH of a Weak Base and the Percent Ionization of a Weak Acid Part A Pyridine is a weak base that is used in the manufacture of pesticides and plastic resins. It i…

± Determining the pH of a Weak Base and the Percent Ionization of a Weak Acid Un

± Determining the pH of a Weak Base and the Percent Ionization of a Weak Acid Unlike strong acids and bases that ionize completely in solution, weak acids or bases partially ioniz…

± Dissociation Constant Part A For the dissociation reaction of a weak acid in w

± Dissociation Constant Part A For the dissociation reaction of a weak acid in water HA(aq)H2Ol) H3O (aq)A (aq) the equilibrium constant is the acid-dissociation constant, Ka, and…

± Electrolysis and Current A student designs an ammeter (a device that measures

± Electrolysis and Current A student designs an ammeter (a device that measures electrical current) that is based on the electrolysis of water into hydrogen and oxygen gases. When…

± Electrolysis and Current The vapor pressure of water changes with temperature,

± Electrolysis and Current The vapor pressure of water changes with temperature, as shown here. A student designs an ammeter (a device that measures electrical current) that is ba…

± Electromagnetic Radiation Electromagnetic radiation behaves both as particles

± Electromagnetic Radiation Electromagnetic radiation behaves both as particles (called photons) and as waves. Wavelength () and frequency () are related according to the equation…

± Enthalpy H rxn=products m H freactants n H f where the subscript \"rxn\" is fo

± Enthalpy Hrxn=productsmHfreactantsnHf where the subscript "rxn" is for "enthalpy of reaction" and "f" is for "enthalpy of formation" and m and n represent the appropriate stoich…

± Enthalpy of Reaction: State and Stoichiometry Use the data below to answer the

± Enthalpy of Reaction: State and Stoichiometry Use the data below to answer the questions. Keep in mind that the enthalpy of formation of an element in its standard state is zero…

± Enthalpy of Reaction: State and Stoichiometry Use the data below to answer the

± Enthalpy of Reaction: State and Stoichiometry Use the data below to answer the questions. Keep in mind that the enthalpy of formation of an element in its standard state is zero…

± Enthalpy of a Phase Change Heat, q , is energy transferred between a system an

± Enthalpy of a Phase Change Heat, q, is energy transferred between a system and its surroundings. For a process that involves a temperature change q=mCsT where Cs is specific hea…

± Enthalpy of a Phase Change Part A Calculate the enthalpy change, 11. for the p

± Enthalpy of a Phase Change Part A Calculate the enthalpy change, 11. for the process in which 147 g of water is converted from Iquid at 1.5°Ctovapor at 25.0°C For water, 1, 44.0…

± Enthalpy, Entropy, and Spontaneity The spontaneity of a reaction depends both

± Enthalpy, Entropy, and Spontaneity The spontaneity of a reaction depends both on the enthalpy change, ,H, and entropy change, ,S Reactions that release energy produce more stabl…

± Enthalpy, Entropy, and Spontaneity The spontaneity of a reaction depends both

± Enthalpy, Entropy, and Spontaneity The spontaneity of a reaction depends both on the enthalpy change, ,H, and entropy change, ,S Reactions that release energy produce more stabl…

± Exercise 6.50 with feedback An unknown mass of each of the following substance

± Exercise 6.50 with feedback An unknown mass of each of the following substances, initially at 23.0 C, absorbs 1960 J of heat. The final temperature is recorded as indicated. Fin…

± Exercise 7.40 with feedback Part A ou may want to reference(page) section 7.2

± Exercise 7.40 with feedback Part A ou may want to reference(page) section 7.2 while completing this problem 105.0 MHz (typical frequency for FM radio broadcasting) Express your …

± Fundamentals of Equilibrium Concentration Calculations The reversible reaction

± Fundamentals of Equilibrium Concentration Calculations The reversible reaction XY(aq)X(aq)+Y(aq) has a reaction quotient Qc defined as Qc=[X][Y][XY] Because the reaction is reve…

± Fundamentals of Equilibrium Concentration Calculations The reversible reaction

± Fundamentals of Equilibrium Concentration Calculations The reversible reaction XY(aq)X(aq)+Y(aq) has a reaction quotient Qc defined as Qc=[X][Y][XY] Because the reaction is reve…

± Gas Law Stoichiometry Part A Acetylene torches are used for welding. These tor

± Gas Law Stoichiometry Part A Acetylene torches are used for welding. These torches use a mixture of acetylene gas, C2 H2, and oxygen gas, O2 to produce the following combustion …

± Gibbs Energy: Equilibrium Constant Relation among thermodynamic quantities Cal

± Gibbs Energy: Equilibrium Constant Relation among thermodynamic quantities Calcium oxide, CaO, is manufactured by decomposition of calcium carbonate, CaCO3, in a furnace The the…

± Gibbs Energy: Equilibrium Constant Relation among thermodynamic quantities Cal

± Gibbs Energy: Equilibrium Constant Relation among thermodynamic quantities Calcium oxide, CaO, is manufactured by decomposition of calcium carbonate, CaCO3, in a furnace The the…

± Gibbs Free Energy and Equilibrium - Copy The reaction SO2(g)+2H2S(g)3S(s)+2H2O

± Gibbs Free Energy and Equilibrium - Copy The reaction SO2(g)+2H2S(g)3S(s)+2H2O(g) is the basis of a suggested method for removal of SO2 from power-plant stack gases. The values …

± Gibbs Free Energy: Temperature Dependence Gibbs free energy (G) is a measure o

± Gibbs Free Energy: Temperature Dependence Gibbs free energy (G) is a measure of the spontaneity of a chemical reaction. It is the chemical potential for a reaction, and is minim…

± Half-life (kinetics) for First Order Reactions Half-life equation for first-or

± Half-life (kinetics) for First Order Reactions Half-life equation for first-order reactions: t1/2=0.693k   where t1/2 is the half-life in seconds (s), and k is the rate constant…

± Heating and Cooling Curves Physical constants The constants for H2 are shown h

± Heating and Cooling Curves Physical constants The constants for H2 are shown here: Consider heating solid water (ice) until it becomes liquid and then gas (steam). (Eiqure 1) Al…

± Heterogeneous Equilibrium of Ammonium Bisulfide Ammonium bisulfide, NH4HS , fo

± Heterogeneous Equilibrium of Ammonium Bisulfide Ammonium bisulfide, NH4HS , forms ammonia, NH3 , and hydrogen sulfide, H2S , through the reaction NH4HS(s)NH3(g)+H2S(g) This reac…

± Hydrogen Cyanide Poisoning Hydrogen cyanide, HCN, is a poisonous gas. The leth

± Hydrogen Cyanide Poisoning Hydrogen cyanide, HCN, is a poisonous gas. The lethal dose is approximately 300. mg HCN per kilogram of air when inhaled. The density of air at 26 C i…