7. Small tumors implanted in the anterior chamber of the eye fail to grow much,
ID: 97686 • Letter: 7
Question
7.
Small tumors implanted in the anterior chamber of the eye fail to grow much, but when implanted into the iris they grew significantly. This demonstrates that
tumor growth requires metastasis.
tumor growth requires continued exposure to a carcinogen.
tumor growth requires angiogenesis.
tumor growth requires evasion of apoptosis
tumor growth requires a stepwise series of gene mutations.
8. All immune cells have receptors that can distinguish self from pathogen. Which of the following cell types shows the greatest diversity in receptors from cell to cell?
B cells
NK cells
Neutrophils
Dendritic Cells
9.
Clostidium botulinum is a bacterium that produces the botulinum toxin. When locally applied, to parts of the face for example, neuromuscular transmission is blocked, and muscles that cause wrinkles cannot contract (no more wrinkles). How exactly does the toxin block nueromuscular transmissions?
Botulinum toxin cleaves SNAP-25, blocking fusion of the vesicle.
Botulinum toxin cleaves the acetylcholine receptor
Botulinum toxin stabilizes the link between synaptic vesicles and the axon terminal membrane.
10.
You are working with a compound called Compound X that causes pancreatic cancer in dogs but not cats. If normal pancreatic cells from dogs or cats are cultured and exposed to Compound X, neither are transformed into cancer cells. How can you explain these observations?
Compound X is a carcinogen that activates metabolic targets causing cancer. Dogs, but not cats, contain metabolic targets causing cancer activated by Compound X
Cats are evolutionarily superior to dogs.
Compound X is a pre-carcinogen that can activated by liver enzymes of dogs but not cats.
Compound X causes cancer in an organ-specific fashion. Dog pancreas, but not cat pancreas, provides necessary conditions that combined with compound X allow cancer cells to grow.
tumor growth requires metastasis.
tumor growth requires continued exposure to a carcinogen.
tumor growth requires angiogenesis.
tumor growth requires evasion of apoptosis
tumor growth requires a stepwise series of gene mutations.
8. All immune cells have receptors that can distinguish self from pathogen. Which of the following cell types shows the greatest diversity in receptors from cell to cell?
B cells
NK cells
Neutrophils
Dendritic Cells
9.
Clostidium botulinum is a bacterium that produces the botulinum toxin. When locally applied, to parts of the face for example, neuromuscular transmission is blocked, and muscles that cause wrinkles cannot contract (no more wrinkles). How exactly does the toxin block nueromuscular transmissions?
Botulinum toxin cleaves SNAP-25, blocking fusion of the vesicle.
Botulinum toxin cleaves the acetylcholine receptor
Botulinum toxin stabilizes the link between synaptic vesicles and the axon terminal membrane.
10.
You are working with a compound called Compound X that causes pancreatic cancer in dogs but not cats. If normal pancreatic cells from dogs or cats are cultured and exposed to Compound X, neither are transformed into cancer cells. How can you explain these observations?
Compound X is a carcinogen that activates metabolic targets causing cancer. Dogs, but not cats, contain metabolic targets causing cancer activated by Compound X
Cats are evolutionarily superior to dogs.
Compound X is a pre-carcinogen that can activated by liver enzymes of dogs but not cats.
Compound X causes cancer in an organ-specific fashion. Dog pancreas, but not cat pancreas, provides necessary conditions that combined with compound X allow cancer cells to grow.
Explanation / Answer
Answers: -
7.option c"-tumor growth requires angiogenesis.
Explanation :-
***New growth in the vascular network is important since the proliferation, as well as metastatic spread, of cancer cells depends on an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients and the removal of waste products.
**New blood and lymphatic vessels form through processes called angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, respectively. ***Angiogenesis is regulated by both activator and inhibitor molecules.
**More than a dozen different proteins have been identified as angiogenic activators and inhibitors.
**Levels of expression of angiogenic factors reflect the aggressiveness of tumor cells.
8.option "d"-Dendritic cell.
Explanation: -Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells (also known as accessory cells) of the mammalian immune system.
**Their main function is to process antigen material and present it on the cell surface to the Tcells of the immune system.
**They act as messengers between the innate and the adaptive immune systems.
9.option "a"-Botulinum toxin cleaves SNAP-25, blocking fusion of the vesicle.
Explanation: -The heavy (H) chain of the toxin binds selectively and irreversibly to high affinity receptors at the presynaptic surface of cholinergic neurones, and the toxin-receptor complex is taken up into the cell by endocytosis.
**The disulphide bond between the two chains is cleaved and the toxin escapes into the cytoplasm.
**The light (L) chain interact with different proteins (synaptosomal associated protein (SNAP) 25, vesicle associated membrane protein and syntaxin) in the nerve terminals to prevent fusion of acetylcholine vesicles with the cell membrane.
10.Option "a"-Compound X is a carcinogen that activates metabolic targets causing cancer. Dogs, but not cats, contain metabolic targets causing cancer activated by Compound X.
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