the three possible explanations for why Tay-Sachs has a higher incidence in East
ID: 96771 • Letter: T
Question
the three possible explanations for why Tay-Sachs has a higher incidence in Eastern Europe geneticists? What is a fourth explanation that Diamond proposes? What do you think will happen to Tay-Sach's disease in the future? Why? Explain your answer in 1. What areas of the human skeleton a areas of the human skeleton are ideal for identifying the sex of the remains and why? 2. How are analogies and convergent evolution related? 3. How are homologies and vestigial traits related? 4. How does the professor explain part of the story of Adam and Eve in terms of Lamarck?Explanation / Answer
1.The three possible explanations are-
a. A heterozygote advantage (heterozygous advantage) describes the case in which the heterozygous genotype has a higher relative fitness than either the homozygous dominantor homozygous recessive genotype.
B.Reproductive compensation-. Parents who lose a child because of disease tend to "compensate" by having additional children to replace them. This phenomenon may maintain and possibly even increase the incidence of autosomal recessive disease.
c.the founder effect is the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population.
Diamonds explanation-The Tay-Sachs gene could have been acquired by other people who already had the gene at high frequency (there is some speculation that the Ashkenazim could have been descended from the Khazar, who might have carried the Tay-Sachs gene).
2.At the moment there is no cure for Tay-Sachs disease. We can only try and prevent more cases from occurring, and this is done through screening for potential carriers of the disease. This is especially important if the future parents have both high risk ethnic origins such as both being Ashkenazi Jews. The potential parents both have genetic tests done to see if they are carriers or not, so they can be warned about the dangers of starting a family. Genetic tests of the amniotic fluid in the womb can be done to diagnose Tay-Sachs, so the parents can chose whether to terminate the pregnancy. These tests used to take a long time to show results so they were not so effective in the past. However now they can be done with a simple blood test with results being shown in under 48 hours. The blood samples can be analyzed by enzyme assay or DNA studies. Some Jewish communities have organised pre-marital counselling to help reduce the occurrence of the disease. These methods can reduce the amount of children being born with Tay-Sachs.
3.It is the pelvis of a skeleton which describes the sex in a skeleton.
This table outlines the differences between a male and female pelvis.
Male
Female
2.Bird and bat wings are analogous — that is, they have separate evolutionary origins, but are superficially similar because they have both experienced natural selection that shaped them to play a key role in flight. Analogies are the result of convergent evolution.
3. Vestigial structures are often homologous to structures that are functioning normally in other species. Therefore, vestigial structures can be considered evidence for evolution, the process by which beneficial heritable traits arise in populations over an extended period of time.
4.As we know that Adam and Eve were the first male and female inhabitant so may be they used their reproductive skills again and again to increase the population of this world.This pertains to Lamarckian theory of" use of organs."
..
Male
Female
- narrower, heart-shaped pelvic inlet
- open, circular pelvic inlet
- narrower sciatic notch
- broader sciatic notch
- narrower angle where the two pubic bones meet in front
- wider angle where the two pubic bones meet in front
- more outwardly flared hip bones
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