the three main anatomical structure that regulate thyroid function BMED212 Physi
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the three main anatomical structure that regulate thyroid function BMED212 Physiological Systems & Modeling! Quiz 4 Student ID her the deeding win have a 10% All rules regarding seudene imagrity and honcur ducing esaminations spply (4) No make up quie anless t) an authorise medical cerficans is produced, or (s) excuse given by Dn Topie: Hormone Recsptors of the Endocrise System Q1. How does the receptor for a particular hormone ensures specificity, e.g only insulin receptos can recognize insulin (2 marks). When a hormone binds to a receptor, what are the three downstrea events can occur intracellularly (3 marks). NB: if you are not able to remmember exactly the namephrase in identifies the events, you can substitune your answer with esamples that represens the events 02. What are the two classes of receptors found in the cell (2 marks) and identify which receptor class requires signal amplification (1 mark) and describe why (3 marks) and how amplification is needed for the identified class of receptor (2 marks). Q3. Explain in your own words, the sequential mechanisms involved in translating a hormo-cr receptor binding into protein synthesis (8 marks) 04. Name are the three main anatomical structures that regulate thy roid function (3 marks) What are the in regulating thyroid function (4 marks) and how many levels of control (regulation) four thy roid hormones are there (1 mark). For part (i& ii) accurate names of the features and hormones are not necessaryExplanation / Answer
Please find the answer (In this question we are not getting what excally examiner will ask because I serach it and found this answer only)
QUESTION The three main anatomical structure that regulate thyroid function.
Answer
Anatomy of thyroid gland
The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ that sits at the front of the neck. It is composed of two lobes, left and right, connected by a narrow isthmus.
The thyroid sits near the front of the neck, lying against and around the front of the larynx and trachea. The thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage lie just above the gland, below the Adam's apple.
The isthmus extends from the second to third rings of the trachea, with the uppermost part of the lobes extending to the thyroid cartilage, and the lowermost around the fourth to sixth tracheal rings. The thyroid gland is covered by a thin fibrous capsule, which has an inner and an outer layer. The outer layer is continuous with the pretracheal fascia, attaching the gland to the cricoid and thyroid cartilages with a thickening of the fascia to form the posterior suspensory ligament of thyroid gland also known as Berry's ligament. This causes the thyroid to move up and down with swallowing
The inner layer extrudes into the gland and forms the septae that divides the thyroid tissue into microscopic lobules. Typically four parathyroid glands, two on each side, lie on each side between the two layers of the capsule, at the back of the thyroid lobes.[4]
The infrahyoid muscles lie in front of the gland and the sternocleidomastoid muscle to the side. Behind the outer wings of the thyroid lie the two carotid arteries. The trachea, laryngx, lower pharynx and esophagus all lie behind the thyroid. In this region, the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the inferior thyroid artery pass next to or in the ligament
The three main anatomical structure that regulate thyroid function are
Microanatomy
At the microscopic level, there are three primary features of the thyroid
1.Follicles
Thyroid follicles are small spherical groupings of cells 0.02–0.9mm in diameter that play the main role in thyroid function. They consist of a rim that has a rich blood supply, nerve and lymphatic presence, that surrounds a core of colloid that consists mostly of thyroid hormone precursor proteins called thyroglobulin, an iodinated glycoprotein.
2. Follicular cells
The core of a follicle is surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells. When stimulated by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), these secrete the thyroid hormones T3 and T4. They do this by transporting and metabolising the thyroglobulin contained in the colloid. Follicular cells vary in shape from flat to cuboid to columnar, depending on how active they are.
3. Parafollicular cells
Scattered among follicular cells and in spaces between the spherical follicles are another type of thyroid cell, parafollicular cells. These cells secrete calcitonin and so are also called C cells.
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