1. Describe the first step of a general-base-catalyzed dehydration of a hydrate.
ID: 961396 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Describe the first step of a general-base-catalyzed dehydration of a hydrate.
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3.
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Describe the first step of a general-base-catalyzed dehydration of a hydrate. O base abstracts a proton, electron pair from O-H bond forms a double bond, hydroxide departs as leaving group O negative charge from oxygen forms double bond, hydroxide departs as leaving group O electron pair from O-H bond forms a double bond, base abstracts a proton base abstracts a proton, electron pair from O-H bond goes to oxygen O base abstracts a proton, electron pair from O-H bond goes to oxygen hydroxide departs as leaving group, then negative charge from oxygen forms a double bond hydroxide departs as leaving group, then negative charge from oxvgen forms a double bondExplanation / Answer
In the 1question, the first two options and the last are no possible because OH- is one of the poorest leaving group. With this we have option 3 and 4. And OH forming double bond it's not possible because it will form a positive charge and positive charges are not present in base, so option 4 is the correct one.
In question 4, metal ion catalyst, the metal is a positive charge, so therefore it can receive electrons. A lewis base, means that donates electron to an acid, but metal ions can't do that. So the last option, that acts as lewis base is false.
In question 3, the first 4 are examples of organic reactions catalyst:
OH-: example, aldolic condensations of ketones and aldehydes in basic medium.
H+ example: alkenes hidratation in acid medium (H2SO$/H2O)
Br- example: halides addition with Br2.
I- example: Sn2 reactions with halides.
Question 5, I don't have enough knowledge of proteins.
Hope this helps
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