a) mitosis b) decrease c) Heterozygous recessive d) increase e) dominant f) homo

Question

a) mitosis b) decrease c) Heterozygous recessive d) increase e) dominant f) homozygous dominant g) out- breading h) plant poination by bees i) heterozygous j) migration k)recessive l) large population m) evoltion n) meiosis o) founder effect

- Only the _____________________ phenotype indicates the individual's genotype.

- Inbreeding ____________________ genetic diversity.

- In Hardy Weinberg terms P2 represents the frequency of the ______________.

- ___________________ is an example of random mating.

- In Hardy Weinberg terms 2Pq represents the frequency of the _________________ individuals..

- In Hardy Weinberg terms P represents the frequency of the _________________ allele..

- Sexual reproduction ______________________ genetic diversity.

Explanation / Answer

Only the c. recessive phenotype indicates the individual's genotype.

- Inbreeding b. decreases genetic diversity.

- In Hardy Weinberg terms P2 represents the frequency of the f. homozygous dominant.

- h. plant pollination by bees is an example of random mating.

- In Hardy Weinberg terms 2Pq represents the frequency of the i. heterozygous individuals.

- In Hardy Weinberg terms P represents the frequency of the e. dominant allele.

- Sexual reproduction d. increases genetic diversity.

#1. The recessive phenotype exactly represents the genotype of the individual. The dominant phenotype may be due to homozygous dominant as well as heterozygous condition, so it cannot tell the exact genotype of the individual. Note that an individual can be homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive or heterozygous but NOT ‘heterozygous recessive’- this term seems to be misleading and is not used.

#2. Inbreeding is the reproduction among closely related members of the species, say all derived from same parents few generations back. The groups has limited genetic variations and gradually loses genetic variation due to accumulation of better fitted genotype from the limited genetic pool- the process is also known as inbreeding depression.

#3, #5, #6- Hardy- Weinberg Equation for 2-allele system (for a population at HW equilibrium) is given by-

p + q = 1                               - equation 1

(p + q)2 = p2 + q2 + 2pq = 1                      - equation 2

Where,

p = allelic frequency of allele dominant allele

q = allelic frequency of allele recessive allele     

p2 = genotypic frequency of homozygous dominant

q2 = genotypic frequency of homozygous recessive

2pq = genotypic frequency of heterozygote

#7. Sexual reproduction involves meiosis (gametogenesis) for the formation of gametes. Genetic recombination during meiosis increases the genetic diversity of gametes being produced. Moreover, independent assort of alleles of various genes makes random and large number of allelic combination of all the genes available in the species. So, each gamete may be unique among millions of genetic composition possible in the resultant pool of gametes. Due to vast genetic diversity of gametes produced after meiosis in both the parents, and their subsequent fusion to produce new genetically unique offspring, the process of meiosis increases the genetic diversity in the species.    

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