1. What makes fractional distillation more effective than simple distillation in

Question

1. What makes fractional distillation more effective than simple distillation in separate components in a mixture? When would you use fractional distillation instead of simple distillation?

2. A mixture of alcohols of tert-pentyl alcohol (also known as tert-amyl alcohol), 2-pentanol (sec-amyl alcohol), and 1-pentanol were injected into a GC and the chromatograph below is collected. Assign each peak shown in the chromatograph and explain your choice of answer based on the structure of each alcohol.

3. Rank the following solvents in the order of increasing polarity:

4. Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing Rf in a TLC analysis (a less polar solvent is used with a silica gel TLC plate):

5. Compare and contrast between TLC and column chromatography. If a person wants to separate a mixture and collect the partitions of the mixture which method should this person use and why?

6. What is the name of the compound that used as a stationary chromatography phase for both TLC and column chromatography experiment you have done previously? Is it a polar molecule or non-polar molecule?

Explanation / Answer

1) we use fractional distillation method over simple distillation when the boiling point of two or more liquids( to be separated ) is similar to each other or are close. In fractional distillation a fractionating column is placed between the boiling flask and the condenser.

these fractionating coloumn have the glass beads which provide "theoretical plates" on which the refluxing liquid can condense, re-evaporate, and condense again.

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