Transport of fatty acids from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrial matrix requires

Question

Transport of fatty acids from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrial matrix requires: A) ATP, carnitine, and coenzyme A. B) ATP, carnitine, and pyruvate dehydrogenase. C ATP, coenzyme A, and hexokinase D) ATP, coenzyme A, and pyruvate dehydrogenase E) carnitine, coenzyme A, and hexokinase Carnitine is: A) a 15-carbon fatty acid. B) an essential cofactor for the citric acid cycle C) essential for intracellular transport of fatty acids. D) one of the amino acids commonly found in protein E) present only in animals Which of these is able to cross the inner mitochondrial membrane? A) Acetyl-CoA B) Fatty acyl-carnitine C) Fatty acyl-CoA D) Malonyl-CoA E) None of the above can cross. Complete oxidation of 1 mole of which fatty acid w3ould yield the most ATP? A) 16-carbon saturated fatty acid B) 18-carbon mono-unsaturated fatty acid C) 16-carbon mono-unsaturated fatty acid D) 16-carbon poly-unsaturated fatty acid E) 14-carbon saturated fatty acid The glycerol produced from the hydrolysis of triacylglycerides enters glycolysis as: A) glucose. B) glucose-6-phosphate C) dihydroxyacetone phosphate. D) pyruvate. E) glyceryl CoA. During beta-oxidation of fatty acids ___ is produced in peroxisomes but not in mitochondria. A) acetyl-CoA B) FADH_2 C) H_2O D) H_2O_2 E) NADH

Explanation / Answer

37. ANS: A. ATP, carnitine, and coenzyme A.

Explanation: Transport of fatty acids from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrial matrix requires.

CPT-1 (carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1)- transport of fatty acid to the mitochondria and CPT-2 (carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2) - unloading of fatty acid in the mitochondria. Both the CPT 1 & CPT 2 need ATP and coenzyme A.

38. ANS: C. essential for intracellular transport of fatty acids.

39. ANS: B. Fatty Acyl-carnitine.

Explanation: Fatty Acyl-carnitine is able to cross the inner mitochondrial membrane. It can moves into the Mitochondria matrix; facilitated by Carnitine-Acyl-Carnitine-Translocase (a transporter protein)

40. ANS: B. 18-carbon mono-unsaturated fatty acid.

Explanation: For ATP yielding the carbon number is important, it never depends on saturated or unsaturated fatty acids. If the carbon number is high then ATP yielding is also high

41. ANS: C. dihydroxyacetone phosphate.

Explanation: Glycerol is formed by the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to glycerol 3-phosphate

42. ANS: D. H2O2.

Explanation: Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production during fatty acid oxidation.

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