AUTISM 1. What are the main symptoms and signs of the disorder? 2. What neurobio

Question

AUTISM

1. What are the main symptoms and signs of the disorder?

2. What neurobiological systems are altered in this disorder? These include the brain systems that subserve cognitive control/attention, stress systems, social systems, memory, motor systems, and emotion systems.

3. What are the neuronal and/or genetic findings with this disorder? For instance, what neurotransmitter type and activity is altered in this disorder? What are the findings regarding genetic influence from twin studies and gene studies? Please address at least one neuronal/neurotransmitter system and any major genetic findings.

4. What are the major treatments for this disorder and how does this treatment impact the brain systems and neuronal/genetic functioning you have discussed? Focus on at least one treatment in some depth.

Explanation / Answer

1. Autism is a neurobiological disorder, characterised by impaired social interactions (impaired verbal and non-verbal communication) and stereotyped behaviour, it is diagnosed in early childhood. Children with autism exhibit poor intellectual skills, poor communication skills, unusual speech patterns, sensory problems, lack of eye contact, stereotyped behaviours etc.

The senses of taste and smell are hyperactive in these children. They are five times more likely to have feeding problem than normal children. Odour, taste and texture cause hypersensitivity in these children and they avoid certain foods. Deficiency of protein, iron, calcium, and other nutrients is common in autism children. Feeding problems in these children may cause heart disease, obesity (commonly observed) and growth retardation.

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