1a) Enzymes of glycolysis are coded by nuclear DNA. They are synthesized in the

Question

1a) Enzymes of glycolysis are coded by nuclear DNA. They are synthesized in the ________ on _________ ribosomes. But not all proteins are that simple. The GLUTs we mentioned are translated in a different way. ...... Insulin owes its peculiar shape, or scientifically speaking 3D structure, (pic) to two post-translational modifications, __________and ___________. These post-translational modifications take place in the ________ and _________, respectively. Once insulin is synthesized and sequestered in the secretory vesicles it will be exocytose when beta cells get ___________.

1b) This phase of GAS is dominated by hormone cortisol. Cortisol is a very hydrophobic substance. List 2 conditions that increase membrane permeability to cortisol.

Explanation / Answer

1a) Enzymes of glycolysis are coded by nuclear DNA. They are synthesized in the cytosol on free ribosomes. But not all proteins are that simple. The GLUTs we mentioned are translated in a different way. ...... Insulin owes its peculiar shape, or scientifically speaking 3D structure, (pic) to two post-translational modifications, Phosphorylation and N- glycosylation. These post-translational modifications take place in the Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, respectively. Once insulin is synthesized and sequestered in the secretory vesicles it will be exocytose when beta cells get phosphorylated.

1b) Cortisol is hydrophobic substance, but the membrane is permeable to cortisol in two conditions. During inflammation and during insulin resistance caused peripheral uptake of glucose by decreasing translocation of GLUT and increasing the process of gluconeogenesis.

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