A.) Explain how a kinetochore works. B.) Explain the two types of movement durin

Question

A.) Explain how a kinetochore works.

B.) Explain the two types of movement during anaphase (Hint: Kinetochore and polar microtubules)

C.) Mitosis is responsible for which three key events in cells?

D.) What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?

E.) What is the purpose of histones?

F.) Explain how an understanding of the cell cycle can be helpful in developing cancer treatments.

G.) Explain how the G1 checkpoint works.

H.) What happens to cell that fails to separate in metaphase?

I.) What is the difference between a benign and non-benign tumor?

J.) What allows HeLa cells to continually divide?

K.) What is angiogenesis?

L.) What is the greatest environmental risk for cancer?

Explanation / Answer

A kinetochore is a protein structure that forms on the surface of daughter chromosomes during cell division. Without it, the chromosomes will not attach to a spindle fiber.

Kinetochores consist of three regions:

Each region works in its own particular way to aid in the separation of the sister chromatids.

Now, spindle fibers are made up of actin. When actin starts de-polymerization, the spindle starts shortening from the outer region of kinetochore. This shortened spindle pushes the inner region of kinetochore towards itself. Along with the inner region, sister chromatid is also moved as it is attached with the inner region. This causes movement of sister chromatid towards the pole. This process happens on both sides of the metaphase plate. After some time, it is seen that both the sister chromatids are pushed towards their respective poles via the aid of kinetochore.

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