A 78-year-old man is admitted to the hospital with the chief complaint of shortn

Question

A 78-year-old man is admitted to the hospital with the chief complaint of shortness of breath. He states the shortness of breath has been increasing over the past 2 months and is aggravated by exertion. He has found that he often awakens at night with a sensation of smothering that is partially relieved when he gets up and opens the window. He has had not ankle swelling or edema noted.

Past medical history is only positive for myocardial infarction 8 years ago. He currently does not have complaints of chest pain.

BP is 140/98. When the nurse listens to his heart, she hears a normal S1 and S2 with a rate of 88. When listening to the lungs, the nurse notes bibasilar crackles. There is no peripheral edema.

The admission diagnosis for the patient was left-sided heart failure.

E. Describe why the patient would have the following classification of drugs administered by the nurse: diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and Beta-blockers.

Explanation / Answer

Bi basilar crackels ; Crackles or rales are the clicking sound made by the both the lungs of a human with the respiratory disease during the inhalation ,Bilateral carckels means the presence in the both the lungs left and right ,It is caused by the popping open of small airways and alveoli collapsed by the fluid ,or lack of expiration .Pulmonary edema due to heart failure will also cause the basilar crackels . Myocardial infarction occurs only when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing the damage to the heart muscle . symptoms include the shortness of the breath ,nausea, feeling faint ,

As the patient is having the high blood pressure , he is given DIURETICS as a medicine , diuretic are usually water pills help your body to get rid of excess unneeded water ,salt ,fluid helps your heart to pump .

Beta blocker ; These are a class of the drugs that perticularly used for the managment of the cardiac arrythemia which preventfrom the second haert attack ,these block the endogenous catecholamines epinephrine or norepinephrine on adregenic receptor of sympathetic nervous system .these receptors are present on the heart muscle ,air ways .this is also helps in preventing the hypertension

ACE inhibhitors ;

This is also used for the treatment for the treatment for the hypertension and congestive heart failure ,this drug causes the relaxation of the blood vessels as well as decreased blood flow which leads to the lower blood pressure and decreased oxygen demand from the heart . They inhibhit the angio tensin coverting enzyme as an important component of the renin -angiotensin aldosterone system.

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