1) Discuss how the change in hardware and labor costs from the 1960s and to the
ID: 662437 • Letter: 1
Question
1) Discuss how the change in hardware and labor costs from the 1960s and to the present day have resulted in the evolution of computers from batch-processing main-frame systems to multi-processor, multi-programming, graphical, networked systems.
2) Who are Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Tim Berners-Lee, Linus Torvalds, and Grace Murray Hopper?
3) Describe the three main components of a computer.
4) Distinguish among hardware, software, and firmware.
5) Briefly describe how a program written in a high-level language is prepared for execution.
6) What is a computer system process?
7) What is thread?
Explanation / Answer
a)
as we know..the computer hardware from 1960 to now changed a lot...from electro magnetic computrs to digital electronics computers,
then transistors and now integrated circuits...as the days passsing by the size of the computers going to be smaller and smaller
and improvizatoin also happens...processor, mulit core processor,graphical, networked systems. labour costs aso similar to
evolution od computers. in olden days computers are having size as room...now they are size in hands......so the cost also reduced
a lot.
b)
ken thompson worked for mostly bell labs and he implemented the UNIX system.
Dennis Ritchie created C programming language
Tim Berners-Lee..he was inventor of world wide web
Linus Torvalds developed LInux kernel
Grace Murray Hopper invented first compiler
c)
three componenets are
1) computer hardware
2) Computer software
3)Humanware components
hardware related to some hardware componenets including input devices , output devices...electronics
computer software related to programming instructions, data and protocols which usually runs on computer hardware peripherals.
Humanware components --the devices which used to make interact with computer systems.
d)
hardware: the devices which are used to take input and processesing and output componenents
software: These are instructions to perform tasks based upon input user requirements
firmware: It is combination of both software and hardware.
e)
The high level language is first compiled so that it will translated to assembly code instructions and then to object files.
and then linker combines this object files to make executable file. which was now machine level language..ready to execute.
f)
computer process is set of instructions that was being executed by computer systems. so one computer can operate more than
one processes. This is using multi threading concepts. These are handled bu multicore processors.
g)
Thread is concurrent unot of execution..it has its own methods and call stack and arguements and local variables. Generally
one thread executes...ofcourse not systems are capable to handle to more than one threads/ processes.
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