What is essential oils? What are they used for? What are the methods used to iso
ID: 501231 • Letter: W
Question
What is essential oils? What are they used for? What are the methods used to isolate them? Report the normal boiling point of Eugenol (literature). Compare the literature B.P. with the approximate boiling point of Eugenol measured during steam distillation? Why steam distillation is preferred rather than other distillation techniques to isolate eugenol Use boiling point discussion the collected distillate (from steam distillation) appears cloudy but after extraction with dichloromethane was clear oil Explain why? Name two compounds that can be isolated by steam distillation and mention their sources (example eugenol-Clove) Cloves consists of several compounds. Eugenol is the major compound (85-90 %) and Eugenol acetate (9-10 %). Draw the structure of eugenol and acetyl eugenol Identify various functional groups that are present.Explanation / Answer
1) Essential oils or oils with essence or aroma are derived from plants ,they are derivatives of terpenes (a class of organic or hydrophobic volatille oils found in plants).
They are mostly extracted by steam distillation,cold pressing,solvent extraction,expression and other methods.
2) Eugenol normal boiling point 254 degree celcius,but in steam distillation it is distilled off at a temperature less than 100 degree celcius(boiling point of water all due to increased vapour pressure of steam)
According to dalton's law of partial pressure ,the total pressure ,Pt equals the partial pressure of its components.So,in co-distillation of immiscible liquids (like water and eugenol) the pT becomes equal to atmospheric pressure of 760 torr due to summation of vapor pressure of the two components ,even though eugenol hasn't actually reached its boiling point.(it starts boiling hence at atmospheric pressure
pt=p1+p2
3)In steam distillation ,steam is passed through plant extracts so that these oils volatilize and flow along with water vapors ,when they are cooled in coils to condense to their liquid forms.
The steam releases oils from the plant extracts as it is released at a higher pressure than atmospheric pressure ,but temperature is controlled (but higher than 100 degree Celcius as per the requirement) to prevent the plant material from getting damaged.
3)
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