Define 5 key terms from each photo provided & is there any relationship between

Question

Define 5 key terms from each photo provided & is there any relationship between good performance in the public sector and Leadership? if so what may be the reasons for this?

Attribution Captive agency Continuous improvement Contracting out Customer focus Decentralization Efficiency indicators Empowerment Entrapment External customer Functional differentiation Horizontal teamwork KSAs (knowledge, skills, and abil Outcome indicators Output indicators Parochialism Performance measurement Performance measurement system Performance targets Privatization Productivity improvement Programs Public performance Representativeness Responsiveness Teamwork Total Quality Management (TOM) Trained incapacity Vertical teamwork Information distortion Input indicators Integration Internal customer Inter-organizational teamwork

Explanation / Answer

Definition of 5 key terms from 1st photo:

1. Continuous improvement – This can be defined as an ongoing improvement of processes, products and services within an organization. Continuous improvement is achieved through improvements that are incremental in nature.

2. Functional differentiation – This refers to the specialization and diversification that is the result of a particular function of a particular department or unit. A society or an organization is composed of several sub-systems and each of the sub-system is specialized to fulfill just one function.

3. Horizontal teamwork – Horizontal teamwork consists of cross-function teams and entails working in a collaborative manner across organization boundaries. People from different departments are brought together and a team is build with a common purpose.

4. Representativeness – This can be defined as the level or the degree to which a particular thing, organization or institution reflects upon others or reflects upon a sample.

5. Responsiveness – This can be defined as the quality of being responsive or the quality of reacting quickly and in a positive manner.

Definition of 5 key terms from 2nd photo:

1. Achievement-oriented leadership - Achievement-oriented leadership can be defined as that style of leadership in which challenging goals are set and high performance is expected from the managers and employees. Emphasis, in this type of leadership, is on constant improvement.

2. Directive leadership – This can be defined as an instructional type of leadership in which the leader tells the subordinate employees what they are supposed to do and expected to do and also how to do the assigned tasks.

3. Expert power – This can be defined as the power that is based on the perception held by employees with regards to a manager who has high level of knowledge and specialized skills in a particular domain and these skills and knowledge is possessed by no other or very few other people.

4. Participative leadership - This is the leadership style that calls for inputs from various employees when the management is making decisions. This is a democratic style of leadership.

5. Position power – This power stems from the position that a manager has within an organization. It stems from the authority that lies in that position. It is the assumed authority held by an employee by virtue of title of his position.

Yes, there is a relationship between good performance in the public sector and leadership. Effective leadership has a direct positive impact on employee performance, even in the public sector. Leadership can spur performance in public sector through intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation, and transactional leadership. All these leads to employees putting in extra effort, increased effectiveness, satisfaction and dependability. This directly translates to better performance in the public sector.

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