1. There were many reform movements in the early nineteenth century. Choose one
ID: 3526924 • Letter: 1
Question
1. There were many reform movements in the early nineteenth century. Choose one of the following reform- movement issues: prisons, poverty, or temperance. Write a brief essay explaining what supporters of the cause were trying to accomplish, the obstacles they faced, and what their achievements were. Include names and details wherever possible.
Answer:
2. The forty-niners were men that rushed to California in 1848–49 in search of gold. Were most of the forty-niners successful in their search for riches? Why or why not? Support your answer with details about the gold rush. Answer:
Explanation / Answer
1. The Temperance movement occurred in the 19th century and early 20th century in English speaking countries. It was a social movement and its purpose was to abolish the consumption of alcoholic beverages. The members of the movement criticized the sale and consumption of alcohol and promoted absenteeism. They wanted to limit the sale of alcohol as they believed that alcohol was the root cause of a lot of evil in the society which caused health issues and affected the family life and the personality of people. Drinking was widely accepted in the 17th century and played an important role in the lives of men, women and even children. However, even with the growing use of alcohol, it was not seen as an issue that caused any social obstruction. The heavy drinking developed mainly due to the industrial revolution. However the attitude towards alcohol began to change during the late18th century because the laborers were getting drunk and there was a need for sober laborers to handle heavy machinery. Anthony Benezet an American abolitionist and an educator promoted absenteeism as well as physician Benjamin Rush . Rush urged the ministers of the church to preach and promote abstinence from alcohol. In 1826 American Society for promotion of Temperance was formed which urged members to abstain from alcohol and the group became effective as consumption of alcohol sharply declined in 1830s. It also had legal success as the sale of alcohol was prohibited in some states .
2. The California gold rush started as a result of a man named James Marshall in 1848 who found flakes of gold on the banks of a nearby river while working at his boss’s mill. He initially decided not to reveal this news to others, however, the news leaked to other parts of California. It is believed that 300,000 people migrated to California in search for gold and were called as forty niners because it occurred in the year 1849. Most of the people couldn’t find any gold, however, there were few people who found gold nuggets. Due to the sudden influx of people in the region, houses were built to cater to these people. Other business also opened up like tailors, banks and stores which became successful. The gold rush had positive effects for the state. In 1848, a treaty was signed between the U.S. and Mexico which allowed the U.S. to claim California as their own. However, it didn't officially become a recognized state until September 9, 1850, and this was in part due to the California Gold Rush. Before the gold rush , transportation was limited and after the gold rush the rail roads were developed. Thus the gold rush had a positive impact. Although a lot of people didn’t find gold, there were few people who found gold nuggets and became rich overnight. The people who started business due to the influx of people and to cater to their needs also became rich overnight.
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