1. There are several kinds of glial cells in the nervous system. Describe them a
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Question
1. There are several kinds of glial cells in the nervous system. Describe them and the functions of each Essays: please answer each question thoroughly. 10 points each. 2. Please describe the underlying events contributing to points 1-7 of the figure below. Be sure to include and discuss the following terms, making it clear that you understand their meaning and significance: leak channels, voltage gated channels, sodium, potassium, resting potential, action potential, depolarization, diffusion pressure, electrostatic p hyperpolarization, refractory period, threshold of excitation, rising and falling phases. ressure, graded potential, 5 +35 4 -60 -70 2 Time (ms)Explanation / Answer
1.Different kinds of glial cells of nervous system are :
(1):Oligodendrocytes-These cells coat axons in CNS with myelin.
(2): Astrocyted-these cells link neurons to blood supply and form blood brain barrier. They recycle neurotransmitters and remove excess potassium ions.
(3): ependymal cells - they line the spinal cord and ventricles of brain. They secrete cerebrospinal fluid.
(4): microglia - these are macrophages of CNS and protect neurons.
(5): schwann cells - they form myelin of axons in PNS.
(6): Satellite cells-these cells regulate external chemical environment of sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons.
2. Description of graph: the graph shows different events of nerve impulse and the different numbers corresponding to different events :1-resting state , 2-stimulus, 3 threshold , 4-depolarization wave, 5-action potential, 6-repolarization, 7-refractory period.
Definitions :
1.leak channels :ion channels which are always open and account for resting potential.
2.voltage gated channels :these are transmembrane ion channels activated by changes in the membrane potential.
3.Resting potential :membrane potential of a cell at rest.
4.action potential :rapid change in the membrane potential which travels as a wave along neuron
5.loss of potential across nerve membrane due to change in membrane permeability to sodium ions.
6.hyperpolarization: it is reverse of depolarization in membrane becomes more negative inside.
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