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1. There are several bridges along highway 280 which are free to ride on. This b

ID: 1218179 • Letter: 1

Question

1.

There are several bridges along highway 280 which are free to ride on. This bridge was built and is being maintained by the government... not the "free" market. Let's think about why that is the case... The economic logic of government ownership and having a marginal price of 0 (that is, it is free to cross the bridge) is:

There is no justification for government intervention here. This should be left to the free market.

2.

This question is based on The Economist Magazine's Schools Brief: State and Market - which has its own module in

Etudes Government intervention to correct a market failure:

has become more important as the damage of market failures has risen

3.

This question is based on The Economist Magazine's Schools Brief: State and Market - which has its own module in Etudes

In general the fundamental argument regarding market failures is that

the growing problems of market failure requires a further government effort to take corrective actions

4.

This question is based on The Economist Magazine's Schools Brief: State and Market - which has its own module in Etudes


The article begins by using the supply and demand model to illustrate the maximization of welfare in the sense that:

profits, and therefore, employment are maximized with a free market

5.

This question is based on The Economist Magazine's Schools Brief: State and Market - which has its own module in Etudes


The discussion of monopolies notes

that Microsoft is an example of a monopolist that leveraged its monopoly position to harm consumers

6.

This question is based on The Economist Magazine's Schools Brief: State and Market - which has its own module in Etudes


The discussion of public goods notes

A. Bridges are public goods because they are non-excludable and non-rival. B. The owner of the bridge has a natural monopoly and the marginal cost of production (letting another car drive across it) is close to zero. C. Only the government can be trusted to build a sophisticated structure such as a bridge. D.

There is no justification for government intervention here. This should be left to the free market.

2.

This question is based on The Economist Magazine's Schools Brief: State and Market - which has its own module in

Etudes Government intervention to correct a market failure:

A. faces the problem of the regulators being captured by the industry they are regulating B. has diminished in recent years - which is a bad thing C. has diminished in recent years - which is a good thing. D.

has become more important as the damage of market failures has risen

3.

This question is based on The Economist Magazine's Schools Brief: State and Market - which has its own module in Etudes

In general the fundamental argument regarding market failures is that

A. the most damaging market failure is that of negative externality .. but the others are less damaging than assumed. B. the market often corrects the failures more efficiently than the government can when they intervense C. there really are no market failures in practice D.

the growing problems of market failure requires a further government effort to take corrective actions

4.

This question is based on The Economist Magazine's Schools Brief: State and Market - which has its own module in Etudes


The article begins by using the supply and demand model to illustrate the maximization of welfare in the sense that:

A. the amount of money needed to support low income individuals is minimized with free market prices B. consumer surplus + producer surplus are maximized at the intersection of supply and demand C. supply and demand curves assume conditions that are readily met in practice and the results can, therefore, be readily accepted D.

profits, and therefore, employment are maximized with a free market

5.

This question is based on The Economist Magazine's Schools Brief: State and Market - which has its own module in Etudes


The discussion of monopolies notes

A. that monopoly probably does not harm consumers as much as textbooks argue B. the importance of structural concentration ratios (such as the Herfindahl index) C. natural monopolies are more common than the public imagines D.

that Microsoft is an example of a monopolist that leveraged its monopoly position to harm consumers

6.

This question is based on The Economist Magazine's Schools Brief: State and Market - which has its own module in Etudes


The discussion of public goods notes

A. that most economist now do not believe any public goods exist. B. gravity is both non-rival and non-excludable. C. public goods are more common than previously thought. D. lighthouses were often privately provided.

Explanation / Answer

1. There are several bridges along highway 280 which are free to ride on. This bridge was built and is being maintained by the government... not the "free" market. Let's think about why that is the case... The economic logic of government ownership and having a marginal price of 0 (that is, it is free to cross the bridge) is:

              A.            Bridges are public goods because they are non-excludable and non-rival. Public services such as construction of roads, bridges and dams are non – excludable and the government are the organization to spend the huge amount of investment required.

2. This question is based on The Economist Magazine's Schools Brief: State and Market - which has its own module in Etudes Government intervention to correct a market failure:

              A.            faces the problem of the regulators being captured by the industry they are regulating

              The theory states that the market as well as the government on its own are prone to irregularity only when they function together, they keep a check on each other.

3. This question is based on The Economist Magazine's Schools Brief: State and Market - which has its own module in Etudes In general the fundamental argument regarding market failures is that

              B.            the market often corrects the failures more efficiently than the government can when they intervene. The belief is on the Adams Theory of invisible hand, the market has a self correcting mechanism in absence of any government intervention, the market works towards correcting the disparity.

             

4. This question is based on The Economist Magazine's Schools Brief: State and Market - which has its own module in Etudes The article begins by using the supply and demand model to illustrate the maximization of welfare in the sense that:

              C.            supply and demand curves assume conditions that are readily met in practice and the results can, therefore, be readily accepted

              The market works towards equilibrium and in a free economy it is assumed that there is no intervention and the demand and supply work towards attainment of equilibrium.