Figure 23.1 Using Figure 23.1, match the following layers of the GI tract: 6. Th

Question

Figure 23.1 Using Figure 23.1, match the following layers of the GI tract: 6. This layer contains glands, a nerve plexus, anteries and veins. 7. This layer consists of epithelial tissue and a lamina propria. 8. This layer is responsible for causing peristalsis and segmentation. 9. This layer is the visceral layer of the peritoneum. 10. The process of digestion is regulated by: a. enteroendocrine hormones. b. short reflexes c. long reflexes d. local factors e. all of the above 11. Chyme is created in the: a. stomach b. mouth c. gall bladder d. small intestine e. esophagus

Explanation / Answer

In figure 23.1:

Question Number 6:

Answer: B

B is the Submucosa which contains the glands, nerve plexus called the Meissner's plexus, arteries, and veins.

Question Number 7:

Answer : A

A is the Mucosa which contains the surface epithelial tissue and the lamina propria.

Question number 8:

Answer : C

C is the Muscularis externa which is responsible for the peristalsis and segmentation.

Question number 9:

Answer: D

D is the Serosa which is the visceral layer of the peritoneum.

Question number 10:

Answer : e. All of the above

Enteroendocrinal hormones are produced by enteroendocrine cells in the stomach, pancreas and the alimentary tract. They produce hormones like gastrin, secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, gastric inhibitory peptide, cholecystokinin, etc. These hormones start and regulate digestion and absorption. They are also the part of the enterogastric reflex, for eg: when the pH level in the stomach is 1.5, gastrin is secreted and that inhibits further HCl secretion to protect the stomach.

Short reflexes are generated through digestive actions and changes in the levels of the chemicals and hormones. These reflexes relay to the enteric nervous system, which regulates digestion and motility of the intestine. This is a shorter, local reflex and it is faster.

Long reflexes directly relay to the brain which controls our hunger and satiety, and affect digestion.

Local factors such as the presence of chemicals and nutrients act as a stimulus for the secretion of HCl and lead to changes in the pH.

Thus, the answer is option e. All of the above.

Question number 11:

Answer : a. Stomach

In the stomach, the partially digested food is mixed with the gastric juices and this is called Chyme.

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