1. Explain the roles of formed elements, plasma, and plasma proteins in the func
ID: 3519100 • Letter: 1
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1. Explain the roles of formed elements, plasma, and plasma proteins in the function of blood. 2. Describe hemopoiesis including the location, myleoid, and lymphoid tissues, significant cells (hemocytoblasts, retuculocytes, megaksryocytes) and the regulatory hormones (erythropoietin, colony stimulating factors). 3. Describe the structure and function of hemoglobin and define these related terms: oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, carboaminohemoglobin. 4. Trace the process of RBC (red blood cell) breakdown and component recycling including locations and products created. 5.Perform and explain ABO and Rh blood typing, the role of surface antigens, and antibodies. 6. Predict which blood types are compatible and what happens when the incorrect ABO or Rh blood type is transfused. 7. Outline the three phases of homeostasis and describe the steps in coagulation including the three pathways, hormones, major enzymes from initial damage to fibrinolysis using this vocabulary: Instrinsic, Extrinsic, Common pathways, Factor X, Thrombin, Fibrin, Plasmin Anatomy&Physiology; II Comprehensive Final Exam Study Guide Cardiovascular System Blood (Martini Chapter 19) 1. CV2. Explain the roles of formed elements, plasma, and plasma proteins in the function of blood. 2. CV4. Describe hemopoiesis including the location, myleoid and lymphoid tissues, significanit cells (hemocytoblasts, reticulocytes, megakaryocytes) and regulatory hormones (erythropoietin, colony stimulating factors) 3. CV7- Describe the structure and function of hemoglobin and define these related terms: oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, carboaminohemoglobin 4. CV8-Trace the process of RBC breakdown and component recycling including locations and products created. 5. CV9- Perform and explain ABO and Rh blood typing, the role of surface antigens, and antibodies 6. CV10- Predict which blood types are compatible and what happens when the incorrect ABO or Rh blood type is transfused. 7. CV 11-Outline the three phases of hemostasis and describe the steps in coagulation including the three pathways, hormones, major enzymes from initial damage to fibrinolysis using this vocabulary: Intrinsic, Extrinsic, Common pathway, Factor X, Thrombin, Fibrin, Plasmin The Heart (Martini Chapter 20) 8. CV 12- Describe the position and anatomy of the heart including the following: Pericardium (Parietal, Visceral), Chambers (Atria, Ventricles), Chordae Tendineae, Papillary Muscles, interventricular septum, Valves (Tricuspid, Bicuspid/Mitral, Pulmonary, Aortic), Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium, and arteries the supply (Right Coronary, Marginal, Posterior Interventricular, Left Coronary, Anterior Interventricular, Circumflex) and veins that drain (Great Cardiac, Middle Cardiac, Coronary Sinus) 9. CV13-Summarize the events of a cardiac cycle including, Diastole, Systole, Valve opening and closings, chamber Volumes & Pressures, and heart sounds 10. CV14- Trace the flow of blood through the heart chambers and great vessels 11. CV15- Define automaticity, describe the structure and function o the conduction system and relate it to the components of the ECG (P wave QRS complex T wave PR interval, and QT interval). 12. CV16- Relate the ECG to the cardiac cycle. 13. CV17- Explain how following influence Cardiac output and the concept of cardiac reserve: Stroke Volume, Heart Rate, Venous Return, End Systolic Volume, End Diastolic Volume, Fill Time, Preload, Afterload, Contractility 14. SECOND QUESTION OVER ABOVE 15. CVIS. Predict how these chemicals influence Cardiac output: Natriuretic Peptides Epinephrine/ Norepinephrine, Acetylcholine Blood Vessels and Circulation (Martini Chapter 21) 16. CV20- Identify vessel structures and pressures (osmotic, hydrostatic, net) that determine capillary exchange of fluid, cells and solutes.Explanation / Answer
1. The process of formation of formed elements is called hematopoiesis.
Plasma proteins: consists of albumins,globulins and fibrinogen.
Albumins are responsible for colloid osmotic pressure and blood viscosity. Globulins transports electrolytes. Fibrinogen is the major component for blood clots.
2. Haemopoiesis : It is the production of blood cells and platelets which occur in the bone marrow. The haemopoiesis organs are bone marrow,lymph nodes and lymph follicles,thymus,spleen and liver. Lymphoid and myeloid stem cells are derived from the aorto gonad mesonephron of the para aortic splanchnopleure.
3. Hemoglobin: Hemoglobin is a globular heme protein in vertebrate red blood cells. Heme group binds oxygen and carbon dioxide and as well as imparts red colour to the blood.
Oxyhemoglobin- it is the oxygen loaded form of hemoglobin.It is the predominant protein in red blood cells. Oxygen loaded form is called oxyhemoglobin and appears bright red.
Deoxyhemoglobin- It is the form of hemoglobin without oxygen is called deoxyhemoglobin. Hemoglobin forms an unstable reversible bond with oxygen.
Carbaminohemoglobin- it is a compound of hemoglobin and carbon dioxide and it is one of the form in which carbon dioxide exists in the blood.
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