1. Explain the effect of the mutation on the protein that is translated (compare

Question

1. Explain the effect of the mutation on the protein that is translated (compared to the normal protein), if the protein is essential for life. 2. Make one of the three predictions for each scenario below: Harm the organism, May harm the organism, or will have no effect on the organism? 3. Explain why you made the prediction. a. Frameshift mutation near the end of the coding sequence Explain effect: Prediction Explanation of prediction: b. Nonconservative missense mutation in the portion of a gene that enco enzyme es the active site of an Explain effect: Prediction Explanation of prediction:

Explanation / Answer

Answers:

a. Frameshift mutation near the end of the coding sequence:

Explain effect: Frame shift mutation defined as the addition or deletion of a base pair which shifts the sequence and results in the formation of abnormal proteins

Altered DNA sequence

Incorporation of extra pyrimidine

Altered amino acid sequence

We can see the entire amino acid sequence has been changed

Prediction: May harm the organism

Explanation of prediction: A frameshift mutation at the end of a coding sequence will affect only few amino acids which are present near the end of the sequence. The effect may vary from going unnoticed to cell death. So, the consequence may or may not harm the organism

b. Non-conservative missense mutation in the protion of a gene that encodes the active site of an enzyme:

Explain effect: Non conservative missense mutation is a point mutation that results in change of amino acids whose properties are different to that of normal aminoacid. This result in loss of function and may result in disease in the organism as seen in the case of Sickle cell anemia (where gluatamic acid of Beta Hemoglobulin is replaced by valine)

Prediction: This will harm the organism.

Explanation of prediction:

As it is given in the question, that the protein is essential to life, any change in protein may affect the active site of enzyme due to alteration of structural conformation and affect the enzyme binding.

As explained by the lock and key theory any change in the enzyme may lead to altered enzyme which will not fit with substrate.

Normal DNA sequence TAT TGG CTA GTA CAT Amino acid sequence Tyr-Trp-Leu-Val-His Frame shift mutation (Insertion type)

Altered DNA sequence

Incorporation of extra pyrimidine

TAC TCG GCT AGT ACA T

Altered amino acid sequence

We can see the entire amino acid sequence has been changed

Tyr-Ser-Ala-Ser-Thr

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