1. What is one reason for recommended % daily values of iron intake? Please be s
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Question
1. What is one reason for recommended % daily values of iron intake? Please be specific 2. Explain the blood's response to an arterial injury. 3. Explain why petechiae and purpura of the skin are signs of hypocalcemia. Please be specific. 4. If your patient experiences an allergic reaction, what changes would you expect to find on her CBC? 5. Name an example of a pathology of the blood for any four of the mechanisms of pathogenesis listed on your "health and disease" handout (found in the lectures folder). 40pExplanation / Answer
1] Iron intake is recommended to avoid anemia and have healthy red blood cells. The iron atom combines with the protein globulin to form a complex called haemoglobin. The RBCs carry this complex and this is why they are red in colour. A very important feature of hemoglobin is to bind to the oxygen molecule and form oxy-haemoglobin which carries oxygen to all the parts of the body.
RBCs are made in the bone marrow and have a life span of about 90 days after which they are lysed. So, old RBCs are continuously being replaced by new ones and for this the body needs a good supply of iron. Hence, we need to intake a proper amount of iron through our diet.
2] When a blood vessel is ruptured due to an injury, bleeding starts from the area. The blood contains platelets or thrombocytes which play an important role to stop the bleeding by clot formation. The protein fibrinogen, which is present in the blood plasma, changes into fibrin with the help of Vitamin K. The fibrin forms a net like structure at the arterial injury site. The thrombocytes[ platelets] get attached to the network of fibrin, blocking any opening and the bleeding stops. This is essential to prevent excessive bleeding as this can even lead to death of the injured person.
3] Petechiae and purpura of skin are caused due to haemorrage of the extremely thin vessels called capillaries. These blood vessels rupture and bleeding occurs which appears as red spots under the skin. Several complications might arise if it is not treated immediately. This rupturing might occur due to blood clotting defects which could be due to lack of calcium in the body. It may be age related too.
4] An allergic reaction is produced in a person due to the hypersensitive reaction of the immune system to certain antigens present in the environment. These are short term reactions and generally subside on their own. These antigens are called allergens. IgE antibodies are produced in response to allergens.
The CBC of a person with allergic eaction will show a high level of eosinophils i.e. the eosinophil count will be much more than normal.
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