Explain how the epinephrine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, histamine, cold wate
ID: 3511585 • Letter: E
Question
Explain how the epinephrine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, histamine, cold water, hot water, acid work to constrict or dilate blood vessels? Which blood vessels of the microcirculation are constructed or dilated by vasoactive agents, either local or systemic? Explain how the epinephrine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, histamine, cold water, hot water, acid work to constrict or dilate blood vessels? Which blood vessels of the microcirculation are constructed or dilated by vasoactive agents, either local or systemic?Explanation / Answer
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine is secreted by adrenal medulla. It is also called emergency hormone or hormone of fight, fright & flight. It is a biogenic amine. This hormones act by binding to various adrenergic receptor & triggering various biological reactions. Vasoconstriction is caused when it binds to alpha 1 adrenergic receptor (increace in intracellular calcium ion concentration) & Vasodilation is caused when it binds to beta 2 adrenergic receptor (decrease in intracellular calcium ion concentration).
Histamine is basically an organic compund that is involved in immune response & act as neurotransmitter. It is produced by mast cells in the body which are mainly present at nose, mouth etc.. It acts on G protein coupled Histamine H1 receptor present on endothelium of blood vessels leading to vasodilation causing lowering of Blood pressure.
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junction. It acts by binding to acetylcholine receptor, Nicotinic & muscarinic. It acts on muscarinic receptor present on endothelium of blood vessels, which results in of production of nitric oxide, which signals the surrounding smooth muscle to relax, leading to vasodilation.
Capillaries in alveoli, smooth muscles, arterioles & venules are blood vessels of microcirculation that are dilated or constructed by vasoactive agents.
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