PLEASE HELP! 1.Using juvenile justice describe some of the variables that resear

Question

PLEASE HELP!

1.Using juvenile justice describe some of the variables that researchers use to explain juvenile delinquency.

2.Identify three (3) errors in human inquiry. Explain each by using an example from the field of criminal justice

3.Explain the difference between quantitative and qualitative data. Give an example of each from the field of criminal justice. Can both quantitative and qualitative data be used in each of the four purposes of doing research? Why or why not?

4.Tradition and authority are forms of personal human inquiry and ways that we know things. Give examples of each by using scenarios from the criminal justice field

Explanation / Answer

1. Researchers while investigating about juvenile delinquency proceed from a micro level to a macro level, that is, they go on from the individual level to the social realm and the community sphere. These major variables then have subvariables that the researcher aims to study prolifically in order to have a nuanced approach towards the phenomena of Juvenile delinquency. It is a layered approach. On the individual horizon the researcher unveils factors such as, psychological and mental make up of an individual and the prenatal conditions etc The social factors would include the individuals social relationships and its paraphernalia such as, family, peers, school teachers etc. The community level would include the school community, the living area (neighborhood). All these three variables and their subvariables aid a researcher into comprehending juvenile delinquency.  

2. Human inquiry aims to account for and describe events, and to be able to anticipate them as well. It is the most fundamental form of human activity. Their are quite few errors that can be made by a investigator during the process of human inquiry. A few of the are as follows:

Illogical Reasoning - When the statement that follows the premise isn't corollary to the original statement. The rational behind a particular reasoning is void as it lacks due evidence and scientific grounding. For example, while making a case about a murder wherein the apparent perpetrator is being convicted on the basis such as, "You were the only one in the house apart from the victim, hence you're the one who committed the murder as the inevitable reversal of your condition (that is you not being present in the house during the time of the murder) would mean that the murder wouldn't have happened. (This is a very basic example for explanatory purposes).

Inaccurate Observation - This in lay terms means casual observation. This is one of the most common errors and dangerous ones as it threaten to overlook the details of an aspect. And as we all know the devil's in the details. This error can be most commonly not only attributes to the chief investigator of a crime scene, but also most commonly to the eye witnesses who are brought on stand to testify. As they have been trained in the art of observations they have a simplistic approach towards an incident.  

Selective Observation - This generally stems from either bias or from another error which is overgeneralization. In order to conform to one of the views or angles that an investigator has harbored, they start neglecting the peripheral evidence only focusing on a few strings that help them explain, thus prove, their focal point. This kind of tunnel visions can be dangerous. For example, if a person has to be convicted for a series of murders, which he has committed, but evidence has been found for only one such case, but that this one case is when he wasn't involved, then the investigator who has been one the chase of this convict for over a while now would conform to his personal beliefs as well as stance, and would try and connect this convict to the given murder.

3. Qualitative data is the form that revels in theory and description of a particular phenomena, that is it revels in its purely explanatory power. For example, the number of delinquents in a particular locality and the crime rate.

Quantitative Data is the one that is numerical and can be subjected to statistical manipulation. Due to its numeric nature it can be verified rather conveniently as opposed to its counterpart, qualitative data. For example, the reason and logic behind delinquency.

4. Tradition and authority are vitals blocks of sharing knowledge and communicating with generations to come. They are also forms of personal human inquiry.

An example in the realm of criminal justice would be: same sex contact, much less marriage, in over 70 countries is considered to be a criminal offense. Cardinal George posed his position with reference to the legalization of same sex marriage wherein he took the support of his religion and beliefs, (marriage) "comes to us from God, and not from the church or from the Government." He proceeded to say that even if this change was institutionalized, "Society will take a turn for the worse." This argument stemmed from the process of personal human inquiry, and predominantly form the Traditions and Authority (Cardinal Georges position in the church).

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