PLEASE HELP WITH PHIL 105 HW For each of the following arguments, provide one ba

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PLEASE HELP WITH PHIL 105 HW

For each of the following arguments, provide one basic assumption that is interesting, important, or significant (not "facile"). Type your answer starting at the point of the arrow.

1. In University City, all public acts of excretion are prohibited. Hence, spitting is prohibited, given that spitting is excretion. To be consistent, barfing should be prohibited as well, in University City.

2. The Earth is surely spherical. After all, spheres cast curved shadows. Further, the Earth casts a curved shadow on the moon during an eclipse.

3. No one who endangers his health is rational. It follows that students who smoke cigarettes are irrational, because cigarettes endanger their health and they darn well know it.

4. The moon influences the water in our bodies by moving it around. Isn't the water in our bodies water that is also on the Earth? And isn't it true that the gravity of the moon influences, by moving it around, all the water on the Earth?

5. Standard aptitude tests are culturally biased. That means that the standard aptitude tests are unconstitutional, since cultural bias is discrimination and discrimination is prohibited by the Constitution.

II. For each argument below, indicate whether it is Deductive (use the abbreviation DED) or Inductive (abbreviation IND). Put your abbreviation at the tip of the arrow. Also indicate the conclusion of the argument, by putting [brackets] around it. Two points each, total 10.

6. The Boss: "John has been absent from work every day this week. The portfolio he was supposed to turn in never arrived, although he did send me by email the Phillies' schedule. Yeah, I guess he's goofing off again."

7. You won't get a solid C in this course. It doesn't matter whether you get an F or a D on the final exam. If you get an F, your final average will be only a D. Or if you get a D, your average at most will be a C-. And I know you won't do any better than that on the final exam. So there.

8. Look through this telescope. The sun is causing the light that passes close to the sun to bend. That's awesome. Would you have supposed that a large round smelly gaseous object could exert gravitational pull on photons?

9. Whenever I come across a turtle walking across a road, I stop my car and wait for it to cross safely. See, I'm a good-natured dude. And if I see a cat caught in a tree by a ferocious dog, I'll get it a Big Whopper so it will leave the poor pussy cat alone.

10. If Roger is taller than Jose, and Jose is taller than Nusrat, and Nusrat is taller than every ferret, then Roger must be taller than every animal which is shorter than a ferret.

Explanation / Answer

=> Not necessary. As barfing is not an act that person will do voluntarily. It happened during some worst cases like diseases or because of some stomach related issues. As health issues cannot be considered as a prohibited act, vomiting under those circumstances cannot be considered as a violation of rule.

2 2. The Earth is surely spherical. After all, spheres cast curved shadows. Further, the Earth casts a curved shadow on the moon during an eclipse.

Shape of earth has different opinions and different scientific explanation. On the generic statetment shape of earth is neither spherical nor circle. Original shape is oblate spheroid which has both characteristics of sphere as well as round.

3. No one who endangers his health is rational. It follows that students who smoke cigarettes are irrational, because cigarettes endanger their health and they darn well know it.

Correct. As smoking is injurious to health, it is evident that those who indulge in smoking or such habits are deteriorating their own health with their own knowledge.

4. 4. The moon influences the water in our bodies by moving it around. Isn't the water in our bodies water that is also on the Earth? And isn't it true that the gravity of the moon influences, by moving it around, all the water on the Earth?

Yes.Moon is in its orbit around the earth and it’s a natural satellite of the earth. The water in the oceans is attracted by the Moon's gravity of motion and bulges or protrude (upwards) towards the Moon. This results in a high tide to occur on the side facing the Moon.

No. Standard aptitude test is based on the objective of the analysis rather than testing the cultural significance. Culture might be a part of the analysis. That doesn’t mean that all aptitude tests are culturally biased.

DED: [The boss has approached in a top down logic. He identified some behavioural aspects of an employee who lacks commitment towards work. Then finally come to a conclusion. ]

IND: It is majorly because conclusion is arrived using bottom up logic. The first statement itself it has been stated like something cannot be archived and then started to substantiate with the points.

IND [First the statement has presented and trying to get supportive facts for the same. Thus it follows bottom up approach to prove one statement’]

DED [Good natured behaviour is the statement arrived as a conclusion. To validate that he has pointed out some examples.

10. If Roger is taller than Jose, and Jose is taller than Nusrat, and Nusrat is taller than every ferret, then Roger must be taller than every animal which is shorter than a ferret.

IND[ The statement IF implies that the statement has arrived to a conclusion very beginning itself.So the remaining line would like to conclude the reason.]

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