45. Describe in detail the process of A . quiet inspiration, B . quiet expiratio

Question

45.Describe in detail the process of A. quiet inspiration, B. quiet expiration and C. active expiration. In answering the questions address the following for parts A, B and C: thoracic volume and pressure, pressure gradients, muscles and appropriate gas laws involved. (20pts) D. Now explain the significance of surfactant in alveoli using of Law of LaPlace. (10pts) E. Provide two examples of how the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system are similar in principle using modified Pouseille’s Law (10pts)

Explanation / Answer

Lets understand the Inspiration process. It is elevation of ribs and increase in size of thoracic cavity due to descent of diaphragm and expansion of thoracic wall. The pressure within thorax decreases below the atmospheric pressure after which air rushes into the lungs.

There are 3 phases

1) Quiet,

2) Deep

3) Forced

Lets understand, Quiet breathing. It is also known as eupnea.

It is a mode of breathing that happens only at rest and it does not need the cognitive thought of the individual. During quiet breathing, the diaphragm and external intercostals must contract.

Quiet breathing happens at rest and without any active thought. It involves following steps.

• Step 1: While quiet breathing, diaphragm and external intercostal muscles work at different extents, depending on the situation.

• Step 2: In inspiration, the diaphragm contracts, causing the diaphragm to flatten. That helps to expand the thoracic cavity.

• Step 3: The external intercostal muscles contract as well, that lead to rib cage to expand, and the rib cage and sternum to move outward, also it expands the thoracic cavity.

• Step 4: Expansion of the thoracic cavity also leads lungs to expand, due to the adhesiveness of the pleural fluid.

• Step 5: Because of which, the pressure within the lungs drops below that of the atmosphere, causing air to rush into the lungs.

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