Lecture2 2. Why can we regenerate ATP so much more quickly using the phosphagen

Question

Lecture2 2. Why can we regenerate ATP so much more quickly using the phosphagen system, followed by glycolysis, followed by mitochondrial respiration? (Hint-think about how long it takes you just to describe each process!) Lecture 3 1. What is the main limitation of using BMI to assess overweight/obesity? Where are carbohydrates stored in our body, in what form? 2. Lecture 4 and 5 How much water does glycogen hold? What significance does this have for people starting weight loss diets? For performance in athletes? What is GLUT4? What 2 mechanisms stimulate its insertion into the muscle cell membrane? Two athletes go for a long run together. One is on a high carbohydrate diet, and the other just decided 3 days ago to start a high fat-low carb diet for a while Describe how their fuel use differs during the run for carb, fat and protein oxidation. Two athletes go for a long run together. One is on a high carbohydrate diet, and the other just decided3 days ago to start a high fat-low carb diet for a while Describe how their fuel use differs during the run for carb, fat and protein oxidation. Why is it optimal to eat a CHO-rich meal soon after stopping exercise? Explain why from the standpoint of GLUT4 transporters and insulin sensitivity 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Lecture 6 8. What is lipolysis and the main hormone responsible for it? How does the energy yield compare between the full oxidation of 1 triacylglycerol, vs 1 glucose molecule? 9. Lecture 7 10. What is an essential amino acid? A complete protein? What foods are sources of complete protein?

Explanation / Answer

Lecture 2:

Phosphagen system- It is the fatsest way to resynthesize ATP. Creatinine phosphate is stored in skeletal muscle and produces ATP from ADP. This process is oxygen independent. It is also used for all out exercise lasting up to about 10 seconds.

Glycolysis: This energy system used for all out exercise lasting up to 2 minutes. During this process, carbohydrate is broken down through chemical reactions to form pyruvate. When glucose is broken down to pyruvate through glycolysis two molecules of ATP are produced.

Mitochondrial respiration: It is a process which requires oxygen which takes place in mitochondria and converts stored energy in macronutrients to ATP.

Lecture 3:

1) The limitation of BMI is that it measures excess weight inaccurately. This cannot distinguish between fat and muscle thus it can mislead a person's toned body into overweight category even if they have low fat levels.

2) Carbohydrates are stored in the form of glycogen in the muscles and liver.

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