2. In the inferior frontal junction, a neural population a)responded at the begi

Question

2. In the inferior frontal junction, a neural population

a)responded at the beginning of a trial, returning to baseline when the perceputal area activated

b)synchronized with the perceptual population attending a stimulus, but was slightly leading the synchronized activity there as if orchestrating it

c)was entrained by the perceptual populations, and followed them when they responded to an attended category in the same phase

d)was active when subjects correctly made a response to indicate which target type was seen

*The study mentioned is a study done in rats by Morris, he injected a drug that blocks NMDA receptors leaving the rest unaffected, and then did a test on them with a water maze, the control rats were able to learn where the platform was located.

3.In that study, what was observed in the neural population specialized for perceiving the kind of object NOT attended to on a particular trial? That is, if on a trial, subjects attended to a shown face, what did the population for perceiving houses exhibit?

a) a lack of synchronized activity

b) activity synchronized at a lower frequency than that occurring in the attending population

c) synchronized activity out of phase with the attending population

d) a cessation of firing

4. What do molecular tags allow to happen across synapses involved in learning? they signal when the pre- and postsynaptic cells are coincidentally active

a)all answers are correct

b)they are responsible for initiating second messenger actions

c)they allow only the synapses that werre stimulated to exhibit LTP

5.These tags also permit synapses involved in weak stimulation to exhibit late LTP if

a) these synapses are not involved in the phosphoralyzing CREB cycle

b) they have already acquired early LTP

c) they were previously a recipient of low frequency stimulation

d) another synapse on the neuron received strong HFS at the same time

6. Rogan was a member of LeDoux' lab. He did two important studies of LTP. What these studies have in common is that they show

a) early LTP depends on NMDA receptors and late LTP depends on AMPA receptors

b) both early and late LTP can involve NMDA receptors

c) both early and late LTP can involve AMPA receptors

d) LTP effects on synaptic transmission is like changes in synaptic transmission in conditioned learning

7.In one study, Rogan induced LTP during presentation of a sound. Conditioning to the sound ____ just as with ____.

a) habituated; AMPA stimulation enhanced synaptic efficiency; LTP alone

b) was delayed; natural conditioning

c) decreased; long term inhibition

8.When a shock is applied to the tail of aplysia, the gill mantle response is

a) it depends on when the shock and mantle stimulation occur

b) habituated

c) sensitized

d) conditioned associatively

9.When tail shock sensitizes the gill mantle response, responses to stimulations of other parts of the aplysia are

a)blocked

b)decreased

c)heightened

d)unchanged

10.When associative conditioning of the gill mantle response results from application of a tail shock, responses to stimulation of other parts of the aplysia are

a) decreased

b) increased

c) unchanged

d) habituated

11.The changes in neurons involved in sensitization of aplysia by tail shock happen primarily at

a) the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron

b) connections between one axon terminal and another

c) both the presynaptic axon terminal and the postsynaptic receptor

d) the receptor of the postsynaptic neuron

e) postsynaptic dendritic receptors and the cell nucleus.

Explanation / Answer

2) NMDA receptors- N methyl D aspertate receptors- the receptors present in the neurons which is responsible for memory and neuronal plasticity.

Neuronal plasticity- Defined as the adaptation of the neurons to the external stimulus, memory, synchronisation, repair function etc.

So when the NMDA receptors blocked, the neurons lost ability of memory function thats why the rats not able to synchronise and adapts with the repeated stimulus compared to non control groups. In normal rats it easily adapt to repeated stimulus because of NMDA receptors and able to identify the stimulus correctly.

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