9) After one chimpanzee sees a second chimp open a box that contains a food rewa
ID: 3454133 • Letter: 9
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9) After one chimpanzee sees a second chimp open a box that contains a food reward, the first animal opens a a similar box a) shaping. with great speed. This best illustrates c) respondent behavior 1O) Last year. Dr. Moritano cleaned Natacha's skin with rubbing alcohol prior to administering each of a series of painful rabies vaccination shots. Which of the following processes accounts for the fact that at currently becomes fearful every time she smells rubbing alcobol? a) negative reinforcement b) classical conditioning. c) latent lcaning d) operant conditioning. 11) In Pavlov's experiments, the taste of food triggered the dog's salivation. Salivation to the taste of food was a(n) a) conditioned response. b) unconditioned response c) unconditioned stimulus. d) conditioned stimulus. 12) At one time Jimmy was scared of dogs because he was bitten by one. With subsequent repeated exposure to tame dogs in safe settings, however, his fear of dogs has gradually faded Jimmy's diminishing fear of dogs best illustrates a) delayed reinforcement. b) spontaneous recovery c) extinction. d) shaping. 13) The reappearance, after a time lapse, of an extinguished CR is called a) generalization. b) spontaneous recovery c) secondary reinforcement. d) shaping. 14) In classical conditioning, generalization refers to the tendency for the conditioned response to be evoked t stimuli that are similar to the a) unconditioned stimulus. b) primary reinforcer. c) conditioned stimulus. d) conditioned reinforcer 15) Every Saturday morning, Amold quickly washes the family's breakfast dishes so that his father will allow him to wash his car. In this instance, washing the car is a(n) a) positive reinforcer b) unconditioned response. c) conditioned response. d) negative reinforcerExplanation / Answer
9)Observational learning;It is a method of learning that consists of observing and modeling another individual's behavior, attitudes, or emotional expressions.
10)Classical conditioning;Pavlov had identified a fundamental associative learning process called classical conditioning. Classical conditioning refers to learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus (e.g., rubbing alcohol) becomes associated with a stimulus (e.g., vaccination shots) that naturally produces a behavior.
11)Conditioned response;Ivan Pavlov was looking at salivation in dogs in response to being fed when he noticed that his dogs would begin to salivate whenever he entered the room, even when he was not bringing them food.
12)Extinction;is the disappearance of a previously learned behavior when the behavior is not reinforced.
13)Spontaneous recovery is a phenomenon of learning and memory that was first named and described by Ivan Pavlov in his studies of classical (Pavlovian) conditioning. In that context, it refers to the re-emergence of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a delay.
14)Conditioned stimulus;In classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is a previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response.
15)Positive reinforcer;positive reinforcement involves the addition of a reinforcing stimulus following a behavior that makes it more likely that the behavior will occur again in the future. When a favorable outcome, event, or reward occurs after an action, that particular response or behavior will be strengthened.
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