1. Describe the functions of the family. 2. Describe changes in family structure
ID: 3452690 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Describe the functions of the family.
2. Describe changes in family structure throughout history and illustrate the impact of those changes on the roles of men, women and children.
3. Explain the effects of transition in family ties on children, such as divorce, single parenting, remarriage, dual earner, kin custody and cohabitation.
4. Discuss the macrosystem influences, namely socioeconomic status, cultural orientation and religious orientation, on families and the socialisation of children.
5. Discuss the influences of the chronosystem in terms of sociopolitical, economic, and technological changes, on culture and family diversity and socialisation of children.
6. Identify causes for family transformation.
7. Describe positive family charateristics that can help manage family transformation.
8. Define and discuss the function of family empowerment.
9. Describe the functions of the family.
10. Describe changes in family structure and function throughout history and illustrate the impact of those changes on the roles of men, women and children.
11. Discuss macrosystem influences, namely socioeconomic status, cultural orientation and religious orientation, on families and the socialisation of children.
12. Discuss chronosystem influences, in terms of sociopolitical, economic and technological changes, on families and the socialisation of children.
13. Identify causes for family transformation.
14. Describe positive family charateristics that can help manage family transformation.
15. Define and discuss the function of family empowerment.
Explanation / Answer
1.The primary function of the family is to perpetuate society, both biologically through procreation, and socially through socialization.Given these functions, the nature of one’s role in the family changes over time. From the perspective of children, the family instills a sense of orientation: The family functions to locate children socially, and plays a major role in their socialization. From the point of view of the parents, the family’s primary purpose is procreation: The family functions to produce and socialize children. In some cultures marriage imposes upon women the obligation to bear children. Since ancient times family has been performing several economic functions. It is an important economic unit. 2 & 3.The structures, or forms, of the family vary as much as the definition itself. There is no single "true" family form. In Western Europe the nuclear family (a single set of biological parents residing together with their children) was prevalent in the Middle Ages, but at that same time in Eastern Europe multiple generations of the same family lived together in the same household. Earlier in history, during the Stone and Middle Ages, marriage was not based on love and men and women had very little choice about whom they married. In the Stone Age men and women married in order to improve the economic situation of their respective clans, then in the Middle Ages and into the 18th Century marriage served the economic and political needs of a particular extended family group. In the 19th Century an ideal of the husband as breadwinner and the wife as homemaker became popular, but the majority of families could not achieve this ideal, as few jobs paid wages high enough to support a single-earner family. This changed as World War II ended and the U.S. experienced a time of dramatic economic growth. The reasons for these changes in the '60s and '70s were many: real wages for women rose while those for men fell, the economy weakened, wives joined the workforce due to the downturn in the economy, and women gained access to legal rights, education, birth control, and paid work. Among young children, for example, those living with no biological parents, or in single-parent households, are less likely than children with two biological parents to exhibit behavioral self-control, and more likely to be exposed to high levels of aggravated parenting, than are children living with two biological parents. Each child and each family are obviously unique, with different strengths and weaknesses, different personalities and temperaments, and varying degrees of social, emotional, and economic resources, as well as differing family situations prior to divorce. Despite these differences, divorce has been shown to diminish a child's future competence in all areas of life, including family relationships, education, emotional well-being, and future earning power. Having only one income earner in the home puts single parent households at risk for poverty, finds research compiled by the University of Washington's West Coast Poverty Center. Living in poverty is stressful and can have many emotional effects on children, including low self-esteem, increased anger and frustration and an increased risk for violent behavior. Children in single-parent families often form close bonds with their parent, as they are closely dependent on each other throughout the child’s life. 4. Socioeconomic status has to do with a person's rank or standing in society based on their economic factors such as income, housing, occupation, social interaction, and values. There is an ascribed status and an achieved status. Ascribed status is when family, lineage, gender, and birth order play a role, and achieved status is when education, occupation, income, and place of residence play a role. SES can be broken into 3 different levels: upper class, middle class, and lower class. In upper class wealthy families, children are supposed to carry on the families good legacy, which can be a large stressor for the child. Middle Class families earn and achieve their status and wealth, unlike the upper class who inherit theirs. The emphasis in this class is placed on the nuclear family(family that is being worked towards). This class is more of an equal partnership between mother and father who both want to work hard and make a living for their immediate family. In this class, children can learn how working hard and achieving gold can make a place for them in society. Children in the middle-class may not always have everything handed to them, but they learn strong work ethic and how to earn what they want and need. The lower class is made up of semiskilled, or unskilled workers This class, much like the upperclass oddly, focuses on extended family and are patriarchal. This is because lower-class families tend to need the help of those around them. Children in lower class families may have a hard time attaining their goals because of their low SES, but if they lean on their extended family for support, they can gain the confidence they need to once and for all achieve their goals and work towards a higher achieved status for the future. Cultural orientation involves the learned behavior, including the history, language, traditions, rituals, customs, beliefs, attitudes, morals, and values, shared by members of a social group, usually ethnic, to which that person belongs. Some of the obstacle include education, good quality healthcare, safe neighborhoods, and support of communities. Along with these obstacles come stereotyping and prejudice, and along with that come developmental outcomes. If a child has differences in cultural orientation from the majority in the school he or she is attending, that can also cause many social issues for the child. This involves norms, the rules, patterns or standards that express cultural values and reflect how individuals are supposed to behave. This causes an issue when the child is expected by his or her family to behave and act in a certain way, and the school or other environment the child is placed in expects something different. The child can face consequences and punishment from either party for acting the wrong way, and can also face prejudice and being teased by over children for being and acting different. Having a religious background can also provide children with coping mechanisms, a concept of death, and allow them to establish an identity for themselves. The rest of the questions can be asked as another question. due to time constraints only first 4 have been answered
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