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1. We ask whether people will score higher or lower on a questionnaire of their

ID: 3222603 • Letter: 1

Question

1.      We ask whether people will score higher or lower on a questionnaire of their well-being when they are exposed to sunshine compared to when they’re not exposed to sunshine. A sample of 8 people is first measured after low levels of sunshine exposure and then again after high levels of exposure. We get the following pairs of scores:

Low:    14        13        17        15        18        17        14        16

High:    18        12        20        19        22        19        19        16

a.      What are the independent and dependent variables?

b.      State the null and alternative hypotheses.

c.      Using an alpha = 0.05, what is t (crit)?

d.      Using SPSS, calculate t (obt)

e.      What should you conclude?

Explanation / Answer

Ans: (a) The Well Being of the people is considered to be the dependent variable whereas the exposure to sunlight is the independent variable in the above example.

(b) Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference in well being of the people due to low levels and high levels of sunlight exposure ie. the wellbeing does not depend on the levels of exposure to sunlight.

Alternative Hypothesis: The hypothesis contrary to the above mentioned null hypothesis.