Effects of Anti-Littering Slogans On Littering Behavior Here we have the results

Question

Effects of Anti-Littering Slogans

On Littering Behavior

Here we have the results of an experiment where people were given a flier to read as they entered a shopping mall.   Half of the fliers had a note on them reminding them not to litter "anti littering" and half did not.

At the end of the day the researchers went around and located the fliers they'd given out, to see where people left them. Some were in the trash, some were litter, and the others were missing (removed from the mall). Hence the three columns.

Use the Above data to answer items 33-48

Question 33 (1 point)

13. What is the formula for the Expected values?

Question 33 options:

E = RC/N

SUM (O-E)2 / E

(R-1)(C-1)

N - 1

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Question 34 (1 point)

14. Expected Value for Cell    1,1

Question 34 options:

39

37.05

13.92

13.65

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Question 35 (1 point)

15.   Expected Value for Cell    1,2

Question 35 options:

70

37.44

25.34

18.693

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Question 36 (1 point)

16,   Expected Value for Cell 1,3

Question 36 options:

6,580.64

37.39

10.71

7,280.00

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Question 37 (1 point)

17. Expected Value for Cell 2,1

Question 37 options:

25.35

37.05

21.82

200

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Question 38 (1 point)

18. Expected Value for Cell 2,2

Question 38 options:

176

28.31

32

200

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Question 39 (1 point)

19. Expected Value for Cell 2,3

Question 39 options:

56.61

13,520

9945

20.88

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Question 40 (1 point)

20. What is the formula for a Chi Square contingency table calculation?

Question 40 options:

E = RC/N

(R-1)(C-1)

SUM (O-E)2 / E

N - 1

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Question 41 (1 point)

21.   N =

Question 41 options:

106

100

39

176

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Question 42 (1 point)

22. What is the calculated Chi Square value?

Question 42 options:

1.654

5.992

2

19.67

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Question 43 (1 point)

23. What are the degrees of freedom?

Question 43 options:

1

2

5

6

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Question 44 (1 point)

24. What is the tabled value of the Chi Square problem above (p<.05)?

Question 44 options:

5.99

3.84

11.07

55.75

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Question 45 (1 point)

25. Is the result significant?

Question 45 options:

Yes

No

Can't be determined for the information given

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Question 46 (1 point)

26. Was there a significant difference by type of slogan?

Question 46 options:

Yes

No

Can't be determined from the information given

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Question 47 (1 point)

27. Cramer's phi =

Question 47 options:

.22

1.22

.10

26.89

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Question 48 (1 point)

28. Is this evidence of a small, medium, or large effect?

Question 48 options:

Small

Medium

Large

Can't be determined from the information given

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Trash Can Litter Removed Control Group (no message) 15 15 40 Experimental Group (message) 20 32 54

Explanation / Answer

from above

33) formula for the Expected values =RC/N

34)Expected Value for Cell 1,1=70*35/176 =13.92

35)Expected Value for Cell 1,2 =47*70/176 =18.693

36)Expected Value for Cell 1,3 =94*70/176 =37.39

37)Expected Value for Cell 2,1 =35*106/176 =21.08

38)Expected Value for Cell 2,2 =47*106/176 =28.31

39)Expected Value for Cell 2,3 =94*106/176 =56.61

40) formula for a Chi Square contingency table calculation=SUM (O-E)2 / E

41) N =176

42) calculated Chi Square value =1.654

43)degrees of freedom =(Row-1)*(column-1) =(2-1)*(3-1) =2

44) tabled value of the Chi Square problem above (p<.05) for `2 degree of freedom =5.99

45)no ,  as calculated Chi Square value is less then  tabled value of the Chi Square problem above (p<.05)

46)Yes

47) as phi =(X2/n)1/2 =(1.654/176)1/2 =0.1

48)Small

Observed O trash can litter removed Total Control group 15 15 40 70 Experimental 20 32 54 106 Total 35 47 94 176 Expected E=rowtotal*column total/grand total trash can litter removed Total Control group 13.920 18.693 37.386 70 Experimental 21.080 28.307 56.614 106 Total 35 47 94 176 chi square =(O-E)^2/E trash can litter removed Total Control group 0.084 0.730 0.183 0.996 Experimental 0.055 0.482 0.121 0.658 Total 0.139 1.212 0.303 1.654

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