Someone stole my book! Help. Please. 2. What is biological evolution? What are t

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Someone stole my book! Help. Please. 2. What is biological evolution? What are the two core principles of evolution? chanea ntproeerties of eoeuia fion of organisms over the coure genero ttons Can an individual organism evolve? No What is the smallest grouping of organisms that can evolve? 3. 4. What scientist is considered the "father of evolutionary biology"? What was the name of his publication where he put forth his theory of evolution? What is the name of the group of islands where he completed many of his studies that led to his formation of this theory? What organisms did he study? Charles Darwn

Explanation / Answer

39. Ans- the characteristics of fungi are
A. A fungus is a eukaryotic organism that contains a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
B. Their cell wall is made up of a carbohydrate called chitin
C. They are heterotrophic in nature
D. They are sessile
E. Most of the fungi are single cellular and others are multicellular filaments called hyphae that form a mass called the mycelium.
F. They store their food as a glycogen.
G. The fruiting body or sporocarp of fungi is a part of sexual reproduction that is dispersed for reproduction.
40. Ans-
Fungi reproduce both sexual and asexual method. Fungi reproduce asexual method by producing fragmentation, budding or spores. Spores are formed during mitosis from a haploid cell. Each of the fragments separates into a new individual under favorable condition.
Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of two nuclei that produce diploid spores called a zygospore. During meiosis, it forms haploid cells that develop into new organisms.
Fungal spores are a microscopic reproductive structure that helps in reproduction.
A hypha that forms after sexual reproduction contains two nuclei, one from each parent is called dikaryotic.
41. Ans-
Yeasts are single-celled fungi that found widely in nature and used to make foods and drinks.
The most common type of reproduction in yeast is asexual reproduction by budding
42. Ans-
Mycorrhiza:
Mycorrhiza is fungi that form in association with plant roots. It helps in increasing the root's ability to absorb nutrients and water from the soil. Mycorrhizae secrete an enzyme that dissolves nutrients like organic nitrogen, phosphorous, and iron.
Lichen:
A lichen is tiny, leafless branches, flat leaf-like structures that arise from fungus and algae.

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