BIOL350 CELL BIOLOGY TAKE-HOME 4 (100pts) Spring 2018 Name SFSU ID_ 2. (8pts eac
ID: 271236 • Letter: B
Question
BIOL350 CELL BIOLOGY TAKE-HOME 4 (100pts) Spring 2018 Name SFSU ID_ 2. (8pts each) Short response (max 2 sentences each IN YOUR OWN WORDS) A. How are caspases prevented from signaling the cell for apoptosis until the appropriate B. Please provide a specific mechanism that TURNS OFF the following signaling molecules that are commonly found in RTK pathways. Also, please circle which one(s) need to be "turned off for the signaling response to be stopped Receptor Tyrosine Kinase: Ras-GTPase MAP Kinase Kinase: Calcium (Ca): C. Please circle whether the following proteins are proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressors: i. Caspases ii. DNA damage checkpoint protein (ex. p53) proto-oncogene tumor suppressor ii. G1/s-phase cyclin (ex. Cyclin D) iv. Wee1 D. Please state whether you agree or disagree with the following, and provide your reasoning proto-oncogene tumor suppressor proto-oncogene tumor suppressor proto-oncogene tumor suppressor Treating cells with cholera toxin (which activates G proteins) or with pertussis toxin (which inhibits Gi proteins) leads to similar relative changes in cAMP levels in the cel Circle: AGREE or DISAGREE ReasoningExplanation / Answer
A. ANS:
Apoptosis may occur through extrinsic and intrinsic pathways upon stimuli. The caspases are a regulating factor, which can contain proteolytic activity acts as a tumor suppressor gene or oncogenes. Bcl2 family genes regulate caspases which is cysteine proteases are death effector molecules and controls apoptosis /programmed cell death inappropriate time.
In intrinsic pathway, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins inhibit mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. In case of extrinsic pathway, Death receptor FAS ligand initiates the process of the extrinsic pathway. The “receptor Fas” otherwise known as apoptosis antigen 1 is a type of death receptor located on the surface of cells leading to apoptosis (programmed cell death) via extrinsic pathway.
B. ANS:
Ras-GTPases: cell proliferation, it activates protein kinase cascade.
MAP kinases: controls kinase cascade. It induces transcription factors and regulates expression of cell cycle and differentiation.
Calcium: calcium signaling is controlled by calcium. This calcium is coupled with G protein signal transduction.
RAS GTPases should be turned off.
C. ANS:
Caspases are tumor suppressor genes
P53 is a tumor suppressor gene
CyclinD is a proto-oncogene
Wee1 are proto-oncogenes
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