During primary succession: A. later successional plant stages facilitate the est

Question

During primary succession:

A. later successional plant stages facilitate the establishment of early successional stages by increasing the level of nitrogen in the ecosystem by fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere via photosynthesis.

B. early successional plant stages facilitate the establishment of later successional stages by increasing the level of nitrogen in the ecosystem by fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere via photosynthesis.

C. later successional plant stages facilitate the establishment of early successional stages by increasing the level of nitrogen in the ecosystem via nitrogen fixing bacteria associated with their roots.

D. early successional plant stages facilitate the establishment of later successional stages by increasing the level of nitrogen in the ecosystem via nitrogen fixing bacteria associated with their roots.

Explanation / Answer

The correct answer is D

early successional plant stages facilitate the establishment of later successional stages by increasing the level of nitrogen in the ecosystem via nitrogen fixing bacteria associated with their roots

(Exposed terrestrial habitats and barren land experience a succession of soil process including C and nitrogen accumulation. Nitrogen fixation is a major source of nitrogen inputs to many natural ecosystem. So at early stage of soil development colonization of nitrogen cycling micro-organisms is important for the functioning of the ecosystem. Early colonizers on denuded landscapes are often nitrogen fixers, either free living or symbiotic).

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