Ls4203_midsem_2017 please answer only question no.1. (1+2+2=5 marks) How NADPH i
ID: 196730 • Letter: L
Question
Ls4203_midsem_2017
please answer only question no.1. (1+2+2=5 marks)
How NADPH is produced in animal cell? What are the sources of NADPH in Plant Cell? How many ATP molecules are generated from NADH produced during glycolysis in brain and liver? Give proper explanation I. 1+2+2-5 2. How Isozymes give advantages in metabolism? What are the pathophysiological effects of loss of function mutation of Glycogen phosphorylase and Glycogen synthase? How C AMP regulate the activity of Glycogen phosphorylase? 1.5+2+1.5-5 3. Pyruvate is one of the most important intermediate in the metabolism: Explain 4 fates of pyruvate in the carbohydrate metabolism. What is glyoxalate cycle? Explain why it is important for plant? Why animal does not have Glyoxalate cycle? How Dark phase of photosynthesis is regulated by light? Explain: what is photorespiration? Explain CAM pathway of Photosynthesis. 2+1+2-5 What is Glycogenin?'What is Thermogenin? What is brown fat? Why it is called brown fat? What is the action of oligomycin?Explanation / Answer
In animal cell NADPH is produced through pentose phosphate pathway or phosphogluconate pathway. In plant cell, during the light reaction NADPH is produced. NADPH produced by ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase and it happened in last stage of light reaction.
During glycolysis in brain 36 molecules and in liver 38 molecules of ATP is produced.
During glycolysis 2 molecules of NADH is produced and this further enter the electron transport chain in the mitochondria to produce more energy in terms of ATP. But the NADH can not enter the mitochondria directly, as the mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to NADH. So to do this it uses two shuttle system namely Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle and Malate Aspartate Shuttle.
In Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle, 2 molecules is produced from one molecule of NADH, thus 2 molecules generate 4 molecules of ATP. On the other hand , in Malate Aspartate Shuttle. 3 molecules of ATP is produced from 1 molecules of NADH. So it will generate 6 molecules of ATP for 2 molecules of NADH. In brain Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle is working whereas in live we will find Malate Aspartate Shuttle. Thus at the end of+ glucose oxidation in brain there will be 36 molecules ATP and in liver there will be 38 molecules produced.
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