7) Describe Barbara retrotransposon? McClintock\'s research. What is the differe
ID: 183058 • Letter: 7
Question
7) Describe Barbara retrotransposon? McClintock's research. What is the difference between a transposon and a 5) What are Alu elements and what is LINE-n 9) What is an STR? How are they used to make a unique set of genetic markers? 1o) Explain how dhe differential organization of the globin family of genes benefits the organism as a whole. 11) Explain how chromosomal changes can lead to a change in phenotype. 12) Explain how unequal crossing over can result in structural changes in chromosomes. 13) How do transposable elements contribute to genome evolution? 14) Summarize the research done on the FOXP2 gene. Why is it significant? 15) What are CNV's and SNPs? How have these been used to study African tribal populations? 16) What are Hox genes? What is significant about the different ways they are expressed? Chapter 19: Descent with Modification 1) What is evolution? 2) Summarize Lamarck's hypothesis of evolution. 3) Summarize Darwin's voyage on the Beagle. 4) Explain how adaptations arise from natural selection. 5) What did Darwin mean by the phrase "descent with modification"? 6) What observations and corresponding inferences did Darwin make from the results of artificial selection? ) Summarize the experiment conducted on soapberry bugs. 8) Explain how drug-resistant pathogens are an example of ongoing natural selection. 9) Explain the difference between homologous and analogous structures. 10) How does the study of biogeography support evolution?Explanation / Answer
7) Barbara McClintock's research:
McClintock began her studies at Cornell's College of Agriculture in 1919.She participated in student governmentand was invited to join a sorority, though she soon realized that she preferred not to join formal organizations.McClintock was instrumental in assembling a group that studied the new field of cytogenetics in maize.McClintock's cytogenetic research focused on developing ways to visualize and characterize maize chromosomes. This particular part of her work influenced a generation of students, as it was included in most textbooks.
She also developed a technique using carmine staining to visualize maize chromosomes, and showed for the first time the morphology of the 10 maize chromosomes. This discovery was made because she observed cells from the microspore as opposed to the root tip.By studying the morphology of the chromosomes, McClintock was able to link specific chromosome groups of traits that were inherited together.
Difference between Transposon and Retrotransposon:
Transposons and retrotransposons are genetic components of DNA.Transposons and retrotransposons are genes or collections of certain genes located in the DNA strands, and alterations of their locations have been the main causes for these consequences.
8) Alu elements and LINE -1:
An Alu element is a short stretch of DNA originally characterized by the action of the Arthrobacter luteus (Alu) restriction endonuclease. Alu elements are the most abundant transposable elements, containing over one million copies dispersed throughout the human genome.
Long interspersed nuclear elements(LINE-1) are a group of retrotransposons which are widespread in the genome of many eukaryotes.LINEs make up a family of transposons, where each LINE is about 7000 base pairs long. LINEs are transcribed into mRNA and translated into protein that acts as a reverse transcriptase.The LINE-1 element is the only element that is still active in the human genome today. It is found in all mammals.
9) STR and how they are used to make a unique set of genome markers:
The human genome is full of repeated DNA sequences. These repeated sequences come in various sizes and are classified according to the length of the core repeat units, the number of contiguous repeat units, and the overall length of the repeat region. DNA regions with short repeat units (usually 2-6 bp in length) are called Short Tandem Repeats (STR).
STRs have become popular DNA markers because they are easily amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) without the problem of differential amplification; that is, the PCR products for STRs are generally similar in amount, making analysis easier.
Related Questions
drjack9650@gmail.com
Navigate
Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.