DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is coiled into structures called chromosomes that
ID: 179681 • Letter: D
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DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is coiled into structures called chromosomes that can be found inside the of cells. Sections of DNA that code for and that regulate their own expression are called multiple versions, or Some versions may be dominant and some may be recessive. Cells that make up the majority of the body and that are not used in reproduction are called cells. These cells are meaning that they have two copies of each chromosome, one inherited from an individual's mother and the other inherited from the individual's father. These cells replicate, or make copies of themselves, through a process called By contrast, cells used in reproduction are called cells and can he found in the gonads. These cells have only one copy of each chromosome, i.e. they are These cells replicate through a process calledExplanation / Answer
DNA or deoxribonucleic acid, is coiled into structures called chromosomes that can be found inside the nucleus of cells. Sections of DNA that code for proteins and that regulate their own expression are called genes. Each of these has multiple versions, or alleles. Some versions may be dominant and some may be recessive.
Cells that make up the majority of the body and that are not used in reproduction are called somatic cells. These cells are diploid, meaning that they have two copies of each chromosome, one inherited from an individual's mother and the other inherited from the individual's father. These cells replicate, or make copies of themselves, through a process called mitosis.
By contrast, cells used in reproduction are called germline cell and can be found in the gonads. These cells have only one copy of each chromosome, i.e. they are haploid. These cells replicate through process called meiosis.
Nucleus: Most cells have just one nucleus which acts as the brain of the cell and is present in eukaryotic cells.
Proteins: They are chains of amino acids responsible for multiple functions and are synthesized from translation of mRNA which is produced by transcription of DNA.
Genes: Region of the euchromatin of DNA which get expressed to first form mRNA and then eventually form proteins to perform various functions in the cell.
Alleles: Versions of a gene which give variations to a certain trait. A gene may be bi-allelic or even poly-allelic with different expression levels of a single gene at a single genetic locus.
Somatic cells: Cells of a body that undergo mitosis and are not involved in gamete formation. Eg: muscle cells.
Diploid cells: Cells that have twice of the basic set of chromosome, i.e. 2n number of chromosomes. For eg. human somatic cells have 2n = 46 chromosomes.
Mitosis: Equational division of cells giving rise to 2 cells from one with equal number of chromosomes as the mother cell.
Germline cells: Cells of a body that undergo meiosis and are involved in gamete formation. Eg: sperm cells
Haploid cells: Cells that have one copy of the basic set of chromosome, i.e. n number of chromosomes. For eg. human germline cells have n = 23 chromosomes.
Meiosis: Reductional division of cells giving rise to 2 cells from one with half number of chromosomes as the mother cell. This happens so that when fertilization occurs, the 2 gametes combine to form 1 zygote with 2n number of cells.
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