BIOCHEMISTRY, BloPHYSICS, AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Multiple Genetic Differences bet
ID: 176265 • Letter: B
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BIOCHEMISTRY, BloPHYSICS, AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Multiple Genetic Differences between the Monkeypox and Variola Viruses S. N. Shchelkunov, A. V. Totmenin, P. F. Safronov, V. V. Gutorov, O. l. kina, N. A. Petrov, I. V.Babkin, E. A. Uvarova, M. V. Mikheev, J. R. Sisler, J. J. Esposito, P. B. Jahrling, B. Moss, and Academician L. S. Sandakhchiev Received December 7, 2001 The elimination of variola, an extremely dangerous radic disease resulting from monkeypox virus transm of human epidemic was the and remains sion from animals humans n zone the only example of a uccessful fight of the Africa. The transmission of interna- central and western to the aegis organization success the main difference between variola and monkey this campaign was to due to to variola virus. iridae and causes variola, from human to human compared term medical practice has demonstrated the nificantly differ with respect to the genetic program. ness protection the use of Furthermore the precursor of revealed vaccine designed on the basis of closely related virus may be conducted in 1970-1995 which ough epidemiological control of Observations 388 of variola elimina- 418 cases of monkeypox in humans, Republi reupon, vaccination occurred in the former Zaire (the Democratic uced by closely Congo) [4]. A special attention to monkeypox in against variola and other infections humans was attracted by the mass epidemy in 1996- everywhere [1]. in the Democratic Republic Congo, when the since then, a large group of people that are not number of inferred of this infectio exceeded 500 tected from orthopoxviruses has been There. hundred [4, 5] monkeypox in humans were host spectrum, such as monkeypox detected [4] cowpox, and become possible in human lations. As a result of the broadened n connection with the epidemiological situation in the Democratic Republic Congo, the questions arose as culation in human populations, these viruses may to whether monk virus can evolve into the epide- new properties and e epidemiologically dangerous variola-like virus and becom dangerous for humans. for and doctors, because the of these viruses are the infection induced by this virus humans is similar similar. Earlier, the researchers attempted to answer irst case of the endonuclease restriction site uences of some viral genes [7]. However, the most monkeypox in human was detected in Zaire in Intensive studies performed 1981-1986 led to the reliable answer may be obtained only based on compar- ng the full viral genomes. conclusion that monkeypox in humans is a rare spor The purpose of this study was sequencing and anal- keypox virus genome. We deter- ysis of the full mon mined the nucleotide sequence of the monkeypo X Virus for Virology genome and compared the data obtained with the vari- lector State Research Center ola virus DNA structure. We discovered multiple Kol sovo, Novosibirsk oblast, 633159 Russia genetic differences between monkeypox and variola Centers of Disease Cantrol and Prevention, viruses, which allowed us to conclude that these viruses, being derived from a common ancestor,under- National Institute Allergy and Infectious D went independent evolution. Maryland United States The study was performed on the monkeypox virus Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases ofUnited Sales Unitedsnares strain ZAI-96-1-16 (ZAl) isolated in the Democrat 43$27.00 c 2002 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica 607-6Explanation / Answer
The purpose presented in the study was sequencing and analyzing of the full monkeypox virus genome and compared with variola virus structure which led the conclusion to undergo independent evolution by being derived from a common ancestor.
Now the question is : How monkeypox virus diversified from its common ancestor? What is the selection pressure and how they managed to evolve themselves?
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