C. They occur in some vertebrates but not mammals. D. They are expressed in most

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C. They occur in some vertebrates but not mammals. D. They are expressed in most individuals in a population 51. Female spotted sandpipers aggressively court males, and after mating, leave the clutch of young for the male w0 incubate. This sequence may be repeated several times with different males until mo available males remain, forcing the female to incubate her last elutch. Which of the following terms best describes this behavior? A. polygymy B. polyandry C. monogamy D. certainty of patemity 52. A region of the Canary forebrain shrinks during the noabreeding season and enlarges when breeding season begins. This change is probably associated with the annual A. addition of new syllables to a Canary's song repetoire. C. sensitive period in which Canary parents imprint on new offspring. D. elimination of the memorized template for songs sung the previous ycar B. crystallization of subsong into adult songs 53. Although many chimpanaces live in environments containing oil palm nats, members of only a few populations use stones to crack open the nuts. The most likely explanation is that A, the behavioral difference is caused by genetic differences between populations. B. members of different populations have different nutritional requirements C. the cultural tradition of using stones to crack nuts has arisen in only some populations members of different populations differ in learning ability 54. Which of the following is required for a behavioral trait to evolve by natural selection? A. The behavior varies among individuals B. An individual's reproductive success depends in part on how the behavior is performed C. Some component of the behavior is genetically inherited. D. None of these E. All of these 55. Fruit fly courtship involves a fixed set of behaviors that follow one another in a rigid order. The behaviors include B. orienting, tapping and hugging D. orienting, tapping and singing A. orienting, dancing and singing C. orienting, clutching and singing 56. The ability to correlate one environmental feature with another is called A. imprinting B. spatial learning C. cognitive mapping D. social learning E associative learming 57. An advantage of a complete digestive system over a gastrovascular cavity is that the complete system A) excludes the need for extracellular digestion B) allows for specialized regions with specialized functions C) allows extensive branching D) facilitates intracellular digestiorn 58. Why did J.B.S. Haldane state that he would lay down his life for two brothers or for eight first cousins? A. He wasn't particularly fond of his cousins C. If he were to make such a sacrifice, his genetic contribution to the next generation would be roughly the same as if he had lived B. He didn't understand the concept of inclusive fitness D. He knew these relatives would care for his own offspring. 59. Why is the human brain not perfectly adapted to making modern-day decisions? A. Because components of the human nervous system evolved very early in our evolutionary history B. Because complex adaptations developed from previously existing structures, pathw ays and other traits C. Because genetically based decision-making strategies that boosted our ancestor's chances of survival and reproduction were favored by natural selection over those that lowered fitness. D. Because rapid recent advances in technology have altered our environments within just a few dozen generations, creating mismatches between our evolved decision-making strategies and the circumstances we now encounter E. All of these. 60. Which of the following is a difference between vitamins and minerals

Explanation / Answer

51. Answer: B) Polyandry

Polygyny is the process in which the male would be having many female mates, often two or more. Hence, that is not correct,

Monogamy is the process in which the partners will only be engaged with one another. There would be no involvement with any other partner. But in this case the female is involved in more than one male partner. Hence, this is also not correct. ,

Certainty of paternity occurs when the male would be involved taking care of the offspring’s that would not be related to him. This is in the form of parental investment. Hence, ‘this is not correct.

The correct answer would be polyandry. Polyandry is the the process in which the woman would have more than one husband, in humans, and the female would be having more than one male mate.

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