The following diagram is a cross-section through the crust and uppermost mantle

Question

The following diagram is a cross-section through the crust and uppermost mantle of a variety of different geological settings labelled a through i. Complete the following table by matching the various rock types with the appropriate settings Twelve rocks are listed but only 9 settings, so some of these rocks do not fit into any of these locations Sample Arkose (7) Pumice (9) Granite (10) Setting Setting Sample Limestone (2) Sandstone (3) Shale (4) Conglomerate Sample Marble (15) Basalt (12) Gneiss (18) Setting Gabbro (13) Halite (32)

Explanation / Answer

Limestone :

d ( calm warm marine waters)

b (very deep water, fossiliferous)

sandstone:

d  sandstones is found in two very important places: beaches and deserts

Shale:

shales are deposited in relatively clam deep water , does not represent any marked environmnets inn fig.

Conglomerates:  

i

conglomerates are formed in a variety of environments. here its a fluvial base. but it can be deep marine turbidite deposits , glacial deposits etc which are not shown in fig.

Arkose:

d ( weathering of igneous and metamorphic rocks especially granite and deposition in beaches etc)

Pumice:

g

pumice is a pyroclastic rock.

Granite:

e and f

granite is an intrusive rock or a plutonic rock.

Gabbro:

a,b, c

it is an ultramafic rock found in oceanic crust also.

Marble :

e

It is an rock formed due to contact metamorphism and recrystalisation of limestone.

Basalt:

a and b ,

basalt is a very common rock and found in many environments. It is an extrusive rock. But the rocks of extrusive nature formed in location g would be andesitic rather than basaltic.

Gneiss:

d and h

faulting and metamorphism

Halite:

i (if it is a closed lake)

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