Two of the liquids, butanone and 1-butanol, had nearly the same molecular weight
ID: 1062181 • Letter: T
Question
Two of the liquids, butanone and 1-butanol, had nearly the same molecular weights, but significantly different delta t values. Explain the difference in delta t values of these substances, based on their intermolecular forces. __________ Which of the alcohols studied has: the strongest intermolecular forces of attraction?____ the weakest intermolecular forces?_____ Explain using the results of this experiment. _________ Which of the ketones studied has: the stronger intermolecular forces of attraction?_____ the weaker intermolecular forces?_____ Explain using the results of this experiment. What is/are the intermolecular force(s) in the alcohols? _________ How can we account for the trend among the alcohols of decreasing delta t with increasing molar mass? _________ Explain why a swimmer feels chilled when getting out of the water during a Santa Ana wind event. (Santa Ana winds are fast moving with very low humidity) _______Explanation / Answer
1. The liquids butanone and 1-butanol have almost similar molecular weights but 1-butanol has H-bond which make them differ from the delta t value. 1-butanol forms dimers via a H-bond formation whicht is not the case for the other.
2. Propanol and ethanol have the strongest intermolecular force of attraction.
Butanol and methanol have lowest intermolecular force of attraction.
Since propanol and ethanol took longer time evaporate so it indicates they took longer to evaporate i.e. they require more energy to break the bond.
3. On the similar point of view propanone have highest degree of intermolecular forces and 3-pentanone has the least.
4. The intermolecular forces in alcohols are hydrogen bonding, dipole dipole interaction, van der Waals dispersion forces.
The trend of delta-t with molar mass is as follows... 1C< 2C=3C>4C>5C.6C.......and so on (C= no of C atoms in the alcohol)
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