In which component of the ribosome would a mutation have the greatest impact and

Question

In which component of the ribosome would a mutation have the greatest impact and why?

A) RNA, because protein synthesis requires that the RNA be folded into complex structures to ensure proper orientation of amino acids.

B) RNA, because the RNA is thought to provide the catalytic activity.

C) Protein, because the protein is thought to provide the catalytic activity.

D) Protein, because the recognition sites are primarily protein.

E) Carbohydrate, because the recognition sites are primarily protein.

Explanation / Answer

Ribosomes are made of two unequal subunits that contain a ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and several proteins. It interacts with the mRNA and starts reading the mRNA in triplets (codons) sequence, and by reading each triplet it inserts the corresponding amino acid. Ribosomes are also subjected to mutations like any other proteins. So if a mutation occurs in this RNA, there would be errors in amino acid production or orientation. However, if a mutation occurs in the ribosomal protein there would be replication and nutrient stress or ageing which would lead to impaired protein synthesis and cell growth. So, the correct option is A) RNA, because protein synthesis requires that the RNA be folded into complex structures to ensure proper orientation of amino acids.

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