A student failed to carry out all of the Procedure steps when doing this experim

Question

A student failed to carry out all of the Procedure steps when doing this experiment. Would the following procedural variations result in an experimentally determined molartity of NaOH that is too high or too low? Briefly explain. (1) The student did not clean the buret before beginning the titration. After completing the titration, the student noticed that droplets of the titrant were clinging to the inside surface of the barrel. (2) The buret tip was not completely filled with NaOH solution when the titration was begun. (3) The student forget to add phenolphthalein indicator solution to the KHP solution before doing the titration.

Explanation / Answer

1) cleaning of buret is very important before doing titration, if buret is not cleaned then it will affect the results, it it has washed with distilled water and its droplets present in the buret, it will lower the concentration of TITRANT, Molarity will be lowered by dilutiting with that extra water, there fore it it is required to rinse it with the titrant befroe titration, that is the water present will be washed out with titrant and it will not affect our results, if the buret contains titrant of different molariy, and student forgot to rinse then it will also affect the results if the new titrant used is of different molarity.

2. if the buret tip was not completely filled with titrant before doing titration then volume reading measured will not be correct, it will be lower than what student has measured. and it will affect the result, and percentage will be lowered than expected

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